Review V. F.’s corporate website Essay

1. Prepare a two-paragraph memo to the company’s CEO outlining whether V. F. should more broadly adopt Timberland’s CSR reporting, identifying which of its brands would most likely benefit the most from sustainability reporting. VF took a strategic step by buying Timberland with its CSR policies. They chose to be one of the sustainable companies whose products perfectly match their target audience. VF owns North Face, i.e. a premium outdoor brand that can perfectly complement Timberland. VF did not only buy a company but also their whole package of their sustainability, which proved to be working, as Timberland was a profit-earning company. VF knew that with the purchase of Timberland, they committed to keep the Timberland’s CSR and also to start to adopt the CSR policies to their own branches. On the VF’s website under Corporate Responsibility, they talk about their values: â€Å"To us, values such as honesty, integrity, consideration, and respect are more than words; they are embedded in everything we do and are the foundation of our social and environmental efforts.† With that said, it is quite obvious that they adopted Timberland’s CSR reporting. They also give back to the community as they have a VF 100 program for companies who have the highest number of community service hours. VF donates $1,000 for â€Å"$1,000 to each winner’s qualified charity of choice.† I believe that VF recognized the importance and future of sustainability when they purchased Timberland and adopted their CSR reporting. As they have 50% of the market share, we can state that it was worth it for them. 2.Upon reviewing former CEO Jeff Swartz’s final blog post, do you agree or disagree with his finding that the business world has shifted to sustainability? I agree that more and more companies realize how important morally and financially as well to adopt CSR reporting. When Mr. Swartz started to put his ideology into practice, he met lots of barriers and he was the one of the pioneers of establishing CSR. I am sure in the beginning he felt like that the new management didn’t understand how complex it was as they said it â€Å"the answer is simple—we believe that sustainability is good for the  business and good for the world environmentally†, but later on Mr. Swartz realized that his pioneer days were over, the world has moved on and started to understand what he was fighting for.

Characteristics of Philippine Literature

CHARACTERISTICS OF PHILIPPINE LITERATURE Philippine literature is the literature associated with the Philippines and includes the legends of prehistory, and the colonial legacy of the Philippines. Most of the notable literature of the Philippines was written during the Spanish period and the first half of the 20th century in Spanish language. Philippine literature is written in Spanish, English, Tagalog, and/or other native Philippine languages. Philippine literature refers to all literature from the Philippines, written in Spanish, English, Tagalog, and a variety of other Philippine languages.Philippine literature flourished during the Spanish period (nineteenth century) and the first half of the twentieth century. The literature of the Philippines covers a variety of genres, most notably poetry and metrical romances, prose, dramas, religious dramas, and secular dramas.INTRODUCTION TO PHILIPPINE LITERATUREThe history of a nation can be learned in its constitution, its laws and its political statements. But to know the hist ory of a nation’s spirit, you must read its literature. For in literature you can discover how the people of a nation have reacted to the events around them.In the stories, essays and poems contained in this volume, you will read the dreams, anxieties, joys and problems of the Filipino in the past seventy-five years. By reading this development of Philippine Literature you will review what has happened to the Filipino since 1900. But literature offers much more than a mere personalized history. For an important quality of art is to share with others the intense realization of a human experience. Through this sharing, you may recognize your own experiences. You may learn what you are or how you have become what you are. You may even learn what you might be in the future.Philippine literature shows you how the Filipino differs from others. Yet in a sense the Filipino writer is linked with all the other writers of the world. For in explaining or questioning human experience, wri ters are never alone. Philippine Literature in English is really a part of the literatures of the world. A further quality of literature is that the expressions used should be memorable. The language should be clear and forceful so that the ideas strike the reader with almost the same force with which they struck the writer. The early Filipino writers had difficulty in expressing themselves since English was a language new to them.The marvel is that they learned this language so quickly and with such facility. Philippine literature in English reveals the spirit of the Filipino. Gradually this literature has learned to express the deepest of human experiences in words that create memorable images. You may divide Philippine Literature in English into many types and numerous periods. But for our purposes, we shall consider three stages through which the literature has passed. These stages might be called: 1) The Early Period, from 1900 to 1930 2) The Middle Period, from 1930 to 1960 3) The Modern Period, from 1960 to 1974Philippine literature Philippine literature is the literature associated with the Philippines and includes the legends of prehistory, and the colonial legacy of the Philippines, written in both Indigenous, and Hispanic languages. Most of the notable literature of the Philippines was written during the Spanish period and the first half of the 20th century in Spanish language. Philippine literature is written in Spanish, English, Tagalog, and other native Philippine languages.EARLY WORKSâ€Å"Doctrina Christiana†, Manila, 1593, is the first book printed in the Philippines.Tomas Pinpin wrote and printed in 1610 â€Å"Librong Pagaaralan nang mga Tagalog nang Wikang Kastila†, 119 pages designed to help fellow Filipinos to learn the Spanish language in a simple way. He is also credited with the first news publication made in the Philippines, â€Å"Successos Felices†, CLASSICAL LITERATURE IN SPANISH (19TH CENTURY) On December 1, 184 6, La Esperanza, the first daily newspaper, was published in the country. Other early newspapers were La Estrella (1847), Diario de Manila (1848) and Boletin Oficial de Filipinas (1852). The first provincial newspaper was El Eco de Vigan (1884), which was issued in Ilocos.In Cebu City â€Å"El Boletin de Cebu† (The Bulletin of Cebu), was published in 1890. On 1863, the Spanish government introduced a system of free public education that had an important effect on the ability of the population to read in Spanish and further in the rise of an educated class called the Ilustrado (meaning, well-informed). Spanish became the social language of urban places and the true lingua franca of the archipelago. A good number of Spanish newspapers were published until the end of the 1940s, the most influential of them being El Renacimiento, printed in Manila by members of the Guerrero de Ermita family.Some members of the ilustrado group, while residing or studying in Spain, decided to start a literary production in Spanish with the aim of serving the autonomy and/or independence projects. Members of this group included Pedro Alejandro Paterno, who wrote the novel Ninay (first novel written by a Filipino); the Philippine national hero, Jose Rizal, who wrote excellent poetry and two famous novels in Spanish: Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me Not), and El Filibusterismo'.MODERN LITERATURE (20TH AND 21ST CENTURY)The greatest portion of Spanish literature was written during the American period, most often as an expression of pro-Hispanic nationalism, by those who had been educated in Spanish or had lived in the Spanish-speaking society of the big cities, and whose principles entered in conflict with the American cultural trends. Such period of Spanish literary production—i. e. , between the independence of Spain in 1898 and well ahead into the decade of the 1940s—is known as â€Å"Edad de Oro del Castellano en Filipinas. † Some prominent writers of this era we re Wenceslao Retana and Claro Mayo Recto, both in drama and essay; Antonio M.Abad and Guillermo Gomez Wyndham, in the narrative; Fernando Maria Guerrero and Manuel Bernabe, both in poetry. The predominant literary style was the so called â€Å"Modernismo,† a mixture of elements from the French Parnassien and Symboliste schools, as promoted by some Latin American and Peninsular Spanish writers (e. g. the Nicaraguan Ruben Dario, the Mexican Amado Nervo, the Spaniard Francisco Villaespesa, and the Peruvian Jose Santos Chocano as major models). Apart from the works in Spanish, the only remarkable and valuable Filipino writer writing in the English language is Nick Joaquin.

New Business Venture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

New Business Venture - Essay Example The development of such mindset is considered as essential for the overall development of an entrepreneurial personality so that the opportunities can be taken and transformed into successful businesses. Q#1 One of the critical aspects of entrepreneurs is their ability to take risk and most of the literature on the subject of entrepreneurship focused on making a distinction between those who are risk averse and who were risk lovers. This approach therefore highlighted entrepreneurs as someone with the ability to take on excessive risk as compared to the others. (Schwartz & Teach, 2000). This also suggested that the internal motivation, high energy as well as the higher tendency to take the risk as the main individual characteristic traits of the entrepreneurs which make them different from others. A closer analysis of the evolution of the research over the period of time would suggest that the entrepreneurs were typically characterized with the words such as risk bearing, innovation, initiative, source of formal authority, local of control as well as the tolerance for ambiguity. These characteristics therefore may indicate that the entrepreneurs are born rather than are being made. (Welsch, 2003). ... This question will therefore argue whether the entrepreneurs are made or born and why it is so or not. Entrepreneurship defined Before discussing and arguing whether entrepreneurs are born or developed, it is important to discuss what entrepreneurship is and how it emerges. It is critical to discuss that historically there has been confusion over the definition of entrepreneurship. This is also critical due to the fact that traditionally researchers argued that in order to discuss the subject it is critical that it must have a precise definition. Despite such emphasis on the definition, entrepreneurship is often viewed from different perspectives and including diverse range of subjects and themes. Themes such as social entrepreneurship, the relationship between women and entrepreneurship, immigrants and their new zeal for setting up the businesses have been extensively discussed by the researchers. (Berglund & Johansson, 2007). In its traditional sense, entrepreneurship is often conn ected with the idea of starting the new businesses and running them successfully. However, over the period of time, entrepreneurship has also emerged in the form of social as well as political frameworks. It is also now been discussed within the perspective of the large corporations when they spinoff their businesses and treat them as new and separate businesses. Thus today, entrepreneurships are not just limited to the new start up businesses but they encompass a variety of existing and new business ideas which are manifested into the reality through the careful application of the concepts of the entrepreneurship. Thus the entrepreneurship is

Research methods Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Research methods - Assignment Example The USASuperCars signed a new contract, which would allow it to sell its batch of 27 luxury cars to various customers around the globe, primarily in the UK, Japan, Canada, South Africa and the USA. The contract states that the selling price of the products are fixed and in local currencies at the exchange rates at the time of the delivery. In the real economic world set up, the exchange rate is marked with high level of precariousness. Therefore, one, particularly a businessman, cannot simply overlook the idea about the linked benefits and risks to the stated contract. In this event, the HSBC offered to pay a sure sum of $2,150,000 in return for revenue in local currencies. It is at this point that the work at hand seeks to come up with a decision whether to accept or reject the offer by weighing up the associated benefits and risks. In addition, in the event that the HSBC’s offer is accepted, finding for which payment schedule is better based on the point of view of USASuperC ars and HSBC, searching for other potential risks HSBC will be exposed to, and finally understanding the measures that can be taken in order to at least minimize the exchange rate risk beyond converting all currencies into dollars. Profit analysis for USASuperCars is vital for this case, prior to deciding which payment option is necessary provided that the offer of HSBC is accepted. Recommendations are provided, which are associated with HSBC’s offer. The justification behind the profit analysis is based on the information of the worldwide order, the quantity and the selling price of luxury cars in the local currencies. To ensure the information about exchange rate is properly considered, the mean and standard deviation rate for converting each currency into dollars are included based on the historical data. Based on the assumption that the rates are normally distributed and independent with each other, the profit has the assumption that it is normally distributed as well. As

Marketing Strategy for the redevelopment of Tottenham Court Road Essay

Marketing Strategy for the redevelopment of Tottenham Court Road - Essay Example tal marketing according to Peattie (1992), who says Green Marketing should mix with any other marketing that a marketing manager would like to focus upon because Green Marketing is â€Å"The management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying the requirements of customers and society, in a profitable and sustainable way.† (p. 11). It is the high priority marketing of our generation. But Lovelock (2000) insists on service marketing, because continuous services are necessary in modern economy. He quotes Albrecht: â€Å"Ours is a service economy and it has been one for some time† (p. 1). Fundamental strategic position of marketing in this context depends on the uncertainty created by present global trend. Such consideration â€Å"†¦has been attributed to the increased uncertainty that businessmen feel these days when they can contemplate the future – what will government intrusion, roaring inflation, or the sudden appearance of competition from abroad do to them next?† Weitz and Wensley (1984, p.1). Strategic Marketing suits here due to the importance and all-encompassing significance of the region involved. It is necessary because of the high level in which marketing is conducted and marketing here is aiming at a very long term commitment from customers. They are built-in spaces and immediate disposal or re-disposal is not possible. In many cases, it could be a life-time commitment with investment and cannot be taken lightly hence, time horizon has to be taken into consideration. â€Å"Strategies last for long periods of time, while tactics have short durations. Strategic plans might have a ten year horizon, in contrast to annual marketing plans that deal primarily with tactical issues,† ibid (p.3). Marketing under these circumstances cannot be abrupt due to its ongoing nature. It will be a long term commitment by my firm and new opportunities or threats to opportunities keep appearing for a long time and it is necessary for the marketing

Pricing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pricing - Essay Example In this method, the values of all the inputs applied when developing the product are summed. The other method is the value based method. This focuses on the values of the product. In this method, the value of the product is the extent of the customer's satisfaction and, therefore, forms the criteria for price setting (Smith 145). Value based method would be appropriate for this case since there is no competition in the market. Mark-up approach and the fixed percentage approach would also do for this same reason that there is no competition in the market. Therefore, balancing out on the application of these methods in price setting would be appropriate. Competition based method would not be relevant in this case since there is no competition in the market. Price skimming strategy will fall as one of my consideration. This is mainly because the product is new and does not have a replica of it in the market. For this reason, the market prices must be higher than what other existing prod ucts cost (Smith 289). The new product is of a higher quality with higher demand due to the additional features; this justifies the reason for giving it a higher price. On the other hand, I must consider how the consumers perceive higher prices and what their take on increased prices could be. The bottom line in this consideration is that high prices can be set initially and well accepted, while it may not be easy to hike prices at a later date. Beginning the sales of a new product at a high price is more advantageous. The quality of the product in this case being high would justify the high prices. The new machine is one of its own; hence, the competitors are kept away already for setting new competition on the product. In this case, I would not apply the market penetration pricing since there is no competition. The fact that this product is unique makes it more appropriate for me to set higher market prices since building demand quickly will not be affected because it is not produ ced by any other competitor. It would also be necessary for me to choose tactics that would go well with both the company and the customers. As such, quantity discount would deem necessary for a higher rate of stock flow to be realized. The timing of such high quantity purchases must be put into consideration before I offer such discounts. Having the mind of the customer at the point of price setting would become necessary for me. This will be in terms of how the customers perceive the product and the feeling they may develop over the new products and the set prices (Smith 68). This psychological aspect in price setting may help in developing a notion of how the customers would react to certain prices. Internal and external reference prices would apply in this case. Odd prices will be considered as the customers would most likely perceive the prices to be low. The number 9 at the end is the trick to be applied in this case when pricing. Zone pricing would apply considering the cost of shipping. The product would cost much more for consumers who are located far away from the manufacturing zone. Bundled purchases would be given a discount on purchases. For those who buy the washing machine and other products within the company get a discount. These are aimed at ensuring a high number of purchases of the company products with the help of having the new product in the market. Long-term and short-term pricing tactics would contrast in this case. The short-term strategies would be mostly responsive to the prevailing conditions

Go Ahead, Use facebook case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Go Ahead, Use facebook - Case Study Example Technology is contrary to the human nature leading to the erosion of the human self hence making people to behave out of self hence they behave selfishly and stupidly. People behave like machines, impatient and full of hubris due to influence of technology. In addition, technology is moving so fast that it may lead to self-destruction and failing to control itself (Sarah). This is the adoption of a trend, which has a leadership of native-technology work force having collaborative tools for self-provisions. It is characterised by human networks plus sources of information that does not require the central IT hub. The culture make the generation and the workforce to be comfortable with what they use at home like the social networking software hence they are actually unable to utilize the main frame technology applications in the work place. Though the use of IT is a vital component of running today’s industry, it important and necessary to carry out regulation at the work place to ensure that the employees are productive and do not major on issues which do not add value to their works. Therefore, there is a need for regulation for the use of IT in the industry to ensure that workers do not waste time .However; this will have an implication in the workers feeling within the organization. The company can allow the employees to use technologies such as webcam video conferencing, Skype, twitter, and iPods provided they use them in a way protected by the company firewalls to expose the company to external hackers. Equally, there is the need of educating the work force not to use the programs for unofficial duties during the working

Australian Property Law and Lease Contracts Essay

Australian Property Law and Lease Contracts - Essay Example In this regard, what Larry will be banking on is his ability to convince a court of law that Tom acted either against the law or against the agreement. In terms of the agreement between Larry and Tom, it can be proven, albeit not beyond doubt, that Tom knew all too well that he was breaching the contract. This can be evidenced by the fact that he had tried to ask Larry to allow him to change the property before altering its look. Tom acted in a way that is less than legally acceptable by setting up the meeting to discuss the matter and then choosing to go on with the repair work even before actually meeting with Larry. For this reason, Tom is in breach of the agreement between him and Larry and that shows that he had motive and intension to ignore the agreement. Apart from ignoring the agreement of the lease, Tom is also in contempt of law for the law does outlines clearly that such repairs to a leased property must not reduce the value of the property. While the law does protect the lessee from being forced to pay for any damages caused by such repairs, this must only happen within the provision of the law, which clearly stipulates that such repairs are not to be carried out, unless with an express permission by and from the owner of the property related to the case. Does Larry have the right to be compensated for the financial loss?The damages would not be limited by section 112 of the constitution unless Tom can prove himself not guilty of the breaching the contract.... This can be evidenced by the fact that he had tried to ask Larry to allow him to change the property before altering its look. Tom acted in a way that is less than legally acceptable by setting up the meeting to discuss the matter and then choosing to go on with the repair work even before actually meeting with Larry. For this reason, Tom is in breach of the agreement between him and Larry and that shows that he had motive and intension to ignore the agreement. Apart from ignoring the agreement of the lease, Tom is also in contempt of law for the law does outlines clearly that such repairs to a leased property must not reduce the value of the property. While the law does protect the lessee from being forced to pay for any damages caused by such repairs, this must only happen within the provision of the law, which clearly stipulates that such repairs are not to be carried out, unless with an express permission by and from the owner of the property. Does Larry have the right to be comp ensated for the financial loss? The damages would not be limited by section 112 of the constitution unless Tom can prove himself not guilty of the breaching the contract. Because the lessee did not act in accordance with the same section of property law by making repairs that were, against the spirit and letter of section 112, bound to not only significantly change the leased property but also to reduce its value, regardless of how much the reduction was, this means that therefore any further damages that can be directly associated by this act can be said to have been caused by Tom. This means that the lessee will not and must not be protected by section 112

Three Days of Christmas Essay Example for Free

Three Days of Christmas Essay Mum asked me what I want for Christmas this year. A typical 15 year old girl like me would say new phone, clothes, money but no. You know what I want? I want a nice normal Christmas dinner at home with my dad, mum and two brothers. Like the American white Christmas’ you see on TV instead of the 4 days of Christmas down under. Christmas morning always goes to plan. We all wake up, the boys Tom and Max, especially early. The video camera comes out and dad automatically turns into a director. Smile for the camera† â€Å"No, the photo cannot happen there, the lightning is all wrong. † Tom, Max and Dad end up outside like usual testing out the new sports equipment. Mum and I sit at the kitchen window, sipping our coffee and making bets on how long the equipment will be used until thrown into the shed with all the other forgotten Christmas presents. Lunch is usually at Aunty Sue and Uncle Keith’s place with our overly peppy cousins. They live in Uncle Keith’s childhood house and so it’s dated back to the 1940’s. Their house is ancient. No air conditioner or heating and on a 39 degree Christmas day with a turkey cooking in the oven is equivalent to sitting in a sauna for 3 hours. Tea is at home with the people from lunch and some more other friends and relatives. Tea is a lot more fun and relaxed. I’m not sure if it’s because of the fact that I’m in my own house or that we get to go for a swim to cool off. It’s normally a late now with a lot of champagne bottles and hangovers the next morning. Boxing Day for my family is not about cleaning up the wrapping paper and empty packing but opening up more presents. Boxing Day is designated for my Dad’s side of the family and that’s where the family feuds usually start. My Uncle Sid and Nanna don’t get along too well. Both are strongly opinionated and both hate being wrong. First it starts with the food and then the Boxing Day Test and after that it is just anything and everything that they argue about. When the swear words start to come out, Uncle Sid’s wife Aunt Nelly, moves all the kids outside to the BBQ area. The next day we’re up early to take a lovely hour and a half drive to visit my great aunty and uncle, Kay and Frank. They never had kids so they lots of money saved up. They have just built a new house and it is absolutely beautiful with marble benches, 5 bedrooms, 3 bathrooms, 2 lounge rooms and a study. I love going to their house, not only to see it but because they spoil us rotten. Actually now that I think back on it, my 3 days of Christmas isn’t all that bad. As much as bouncing around from place to place annoys me, there are some pretty good advantages to it all. Even though I may gain 15 kilos after the 3 days but the food is mouth-watering and I don’t have the will power to stop myself. Of course 3 days of non-stop presents is nothing to complain about and being surrounded by my gorgeous family, my smile never leaves my lips. I might go change my wish list because who knows how long I have left with these wonderful people. I shouldn’t be taking the Christmas holidays for granted because I may be jealous of other families traditional Christmas’s but they may be jealous of my weird yet amazing 3 days of Christmas.

Philip Randolph in civil right movement Essay Example for Free

Philip Randolph in civil right movement Essay Asa Philip Randolph is well known for organizing labor power as well as for leading civil rights movement. 1889 born Randolph was an ardent spokesperson of non violent activism against the American racism which led the improvement of the position of blacks in 20th centaury. He firmly believed that the black progress could be achieved through black working class. He always raised the voice for social justice which paved the way to his political activism. From the college days, he began his mission. When he was in college, he started an employment agency with fellow student Chandler Owen, for those blacks who arrived in New York from South. After graduation, with the influence of W. E. B. Du Bois The Souls of Black Folk, Randolph joined the socialist party and started addressing the crowd about socialism and importance of militant class consciousness. In 1917 he published the first issue of the magazine â€Å"messenger’ which was later termed as one of the most brilliantly edited magazines in the history of American Negro journalism. In 1925, he formed an organization of Brotherhood of sleeping car porters in the wake of refusal of membership of blacks by American Federation Labor . The organization was consisting of those black porters worked for Pullman Company. The Pullman an employer of blacks denied the organization of the blacks in earlier period. There was a case of firing the employees who marched for wage increase and improve working conditions. Randolph as the president of Brotherhood of sleeping car porters laid down a unrelenting and dignified negotiation meetings with Pullman authorities which led the sanction of the first union of black, Brotherhood of sleeping car porters and subsequent wage increase of $2 miilion. Moreover Randolph could achieve a contract of railroad with this particular company in 1937. Randolph moved forward with the motto of complete equality and economic opportunity for blacks’ . He explained his activities as the idea of separatism is harkening to the past and it is undesirable even if it could be realized, because the progess of mankind has been based upon contact and association, upon social, intellectual and cultural contact. (Ebony magazine, 1970)(1) A year after the successful negation with Pullman co. Randolph initiated an action to end the employment discrimination against blacks in the federal government . He put pressure on the President Franklin D. Roosewelt in this matter. Moreover he analyzed the recruitment process of US military for World War II to put an end to racial discrimination. Since all the efforts regarding federal and military hiring turned in vain, he carried out the famous 1941 march to Washington with 50thousand blacks. Consequently Roosevelt issued an order banning discrimination in the defense ministry. Even though the committee established for improving the condition of the blacks, it could not meet the effective means of enacting it. The racial equality had continuously been violated. This pulled Randolph to move ahead with his civil right movement. He founded the League for Nonviolent Civil Disobedience against Military Segregation. He warned the Congressional committee that the black and white youth would be insisted to boycott the military if the condition of racial inequality mitigated. . The march on Washington went on. In 1942, at Detroit conference he called for the strategy and tactics of the people of India with mass civil disobedience and non-cooperation. In 1943, he insisted the delegates to adopt the policy of non-violent good-will direct action. He challenged President Harry Truman to take an effective action in this regard. Finally Truman issued another order to desegregate the military. In 1950’s and 1960’s also Randolph was actively participated in civil rights movement against the racial discrimination. Through march on Washington movement and the civil disobedience movement to end the segregation in military ,Randolph insisted the new generation of civil right activists that the violent protests are no longer a suitable way to attain the goal. It never mobilizes the public pressure. The movement recognized him by referring the chair of the March on Washington in which Martin Luther King Jr. rendered his famous I Have a Dream speech. In 1955, Randolph was elected as a vice president of the AFL-CIO. Asa Philip Randolph was a notable reformer. His vision and commitment is always inspiration for the young generation. Nobody can deny the fact that Randolph’s firm and peaceful strategic ideas are the major factor which ultimately led success of his mission.

The Music Era Of Baroque

The Music Era Of Baroque In Western music, the period that extends from 1600 to 1750 is known as the Baroque era. Characteristics of Baroque music are complexity, emotional, overly ornamented and embellished. Usually Baroque music was homophonic in texture, one melody with a single high voice or instrument, combined with bass chords or accompaniment. This basso continuo is a notable feature of this period. The bass lines are performed by bass voices or instruments such as cellos or bassoons. In Baroque music, the continuo is also performed by an organ or harpsichord. Composers of this era developed the method of writing music in clearly defined major and minor modes. Rhythm became fixed and continual. There was a distinction between free, improvisatory style and order, control and system. There was an emphasis on emotional expression. By acting on emotion they believed that music should move the listener. Word painting without words became one of the most basic emotional elements of Baroque music. Opera was developed to meet this general desire for personal emotions. Introduced in Florence, Italy around 1600, opera quickly expanded all over Europe. It became the most glamorous and probably the most adventurous and influential artistic genre of the Baroque era (Listen pg154). The opera is drama presented in music, with characters singing instead of speaking. It is a combination of several arts, including music, poetry, drama, acting, scene design, set and costume design and choreography. Opera seria, or serious opera, was the predominant type of Italian Baroque opera. Opera seria plots were based on ancient Greek history and tragic historical events. They were designed to stir up powerful emotions, such as passion, rage, grief, and triumph (Listen pg155). This style allowed virtuoso singers to express their thoughts and feelings through their singing. Opera seria singers were solo soprano or mezzo-soprano, which included castrati, young boys who were castrated to preserve their voices in the soprano range. The acts of an opera seria consist primarily of alternating recitatives and arias. Recitative comes from the Italian word reciting and is a type of vocal music that is tailored to the rhythms of speech. The primary purpose is to present information and advance the plot. Most accompaniments in a recitative are kept to a minimum, usually just the cello and harpsichord playing a basso continuo. The second form, accompanied recitative, used a full orchestra for tense dramatic situations. An aria is a melodic or lyrical piece for a solo voice with an instrumental accompaniment. Arias are usually very complex, vocally demanding and are one of the most powerful ingredients in opera. Here the singer-actor expresses their thoughts and feelings instead of reacting moment by moment as in a recitative. The most frequently used form for the Baroque Italian opera was the da capo form, A B A. The aria begins with composition A, moves through B, and repeats the words and music of A in a da capo or from the head form. The composers wrote part A and B, but allowed the singers to improvise and enhance the music with runs and cadences to create an powerful enhanced effect the second time around (Listen pg157). At the height of the Baroque period, the most successful opera composer was George Frederic Handel. Handel was born in Germany in 1685. Unlike other musicians of the time, Handel was not born into a family of musicians, his father was a barber-surgeon. Handel began his career studying law, but soon realized his talent for music and joined the orchestra at Hamburg, Germany. He became an accomplished organist and violinist. He briefly held a position as a court musician with the elector of Hanover, but longed for a career in London. After leaving Hanover, Handel arrived in London and found his passion for Italian operas. For thirty-one years, he wrote and produced 40 Italian operas including Giulio Cesare (Julius Caesar). Fisher, Burton D. A History of Opera: Milestones and Metamorphoses. Coral Gables, FL: Opera Journeys Publishing, 2003. Print. Kerman, Joseph, and Gary Tomlinson and Vivian Kerman. Listen. 6th ed. Boston, New York: Bedford / St. Martins, 2008. Print. Discuss the Classical Era symphony genre and the composer Franz Joseph Haydn and his Symphony No. 95 in C Minor. (Suggested minimum length 750 words) Use Chapter 12 as a guide for formulating The musical style that followed the Baroque era is known today as the Classical style. The eighteenth- century movement known as the Enlightenment brought about challenges and changes in thought and behavior. During this period, the Age of Enlightenment created a widespread love of music among the middle class. This growing interest affected the manner of presentation with public concerts becoming the focus of compositions. This period gave rise to a new musical style, symphonies that enabled composers to tell musical stories. A symphony is a large body of work with four sections called movements. The movements are opening, slow, minuet (with trio), and closing. This classical style of music emphasizes melody and harmony over polyphony. The first movement of a symphony has a structure called sonata form. It is the emotional core of the whole work (Listen pg 183). The sonata form is based on themes presented in a three-part structure. Exposition, the first part, exposes the listener to the two melodies of the symphony. Then a new section is presented, development, which develops the two themes, varying them, making intriguing musical associations. Finally, in the recapitulation, the first theme is reintroduced in the same order as the beginning, but with minor changes. The second movement is a contrast to the first. No standardized form for slow movements. Minuet or classical dance form was used to compose a third movement in a symphony. The classical era focused on a single stylized dance and introduced it into many different genres. It also carried over some of the Baroque musical forms within it, especially dances such as the minuets. Franz Joseph Haydn was born in Austria in 1732. Unlike other musicians, Haydn did not come from a family of professional musicians. His father was an Austrian village wheelwright and amateur musician. Haydn had a spectacular singing voice, and at the age of eight, was selected to go to Vienna and join the choir of St. Stephens Cathedral. After years as a freelance musician, Haydn was given the job of Kapellmeister by Prince Paul Anton Esterhà ¡zy. The prince was a passonate lover of music and gave him daily access to a small orchestra. Haydn composed 104 symphonies, 83 string quartets, and over 20 operas. Later in life, Haydn wrote twelve symphonies for concerts performed in London, named the London Symphonies. Haydns Symphony No. 95 in C minor(1791) is the third of this famous twelve and the only one written in a minor key. Symphony No. 95 in C Minor has the standard four movement musical form. The opening movement is the classic fast tempo sonata form. The movement begins with a somber exposition of theme one in the minor mode, then moves on to theme two in the major mode. The lively and sizable development alternates from theme one, theme two and back to one. The recapitulation returns to theme one in the minor mode, but changes to the major mode for theme two. In the second movement, Haydn uses his favorite variation form of |: a :||: b :|, in a lyrical, lighthearted tune of only strings. Variation one begins with cello solo, then violins, followed by variation two, in the minor mode, which end with the wind instruments playing forte. This transitions to variation three in the major mode using the strings and winds. The second movement ends with the coda of strings and wind solos. Haydns Symphony No. 95 in C Minor third movement is in minuet (with trio) form. The movement is energetic and teeming with musical humor. It is in the A B A theme pattern: minuet, trio, minuet. Then phrase a begins quietly in the minor mode, then repeats in the major mode, followed by b. Phrase a is repeated back in the minor mode, with an abrupt pause and fermata, (longer than the usual note length). Then a return to the minor mode, repeating b, a ending the first minuet. The contrasting trio begins in the major key introducing phrase c, with a cello solo at a slower tempo throughout. It continues repeating phrases c, then d, c, d and c. The minuet returns quietly, formal and unchanged. Haydn closes the symphony on a bright note by setting the Finale in C major. Haydn is the composer who did more than any other to create the Classical style of music, which emphasizes melody and harmony over polyphony.

Drug, Alcohol, and Tobacco Testing in Schools Essay -- essays research

â€Å"Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco Testing†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The procedure of testing student for drugs, alcohol and tobacco before every school day should be allowed. The fact that the subject of drug testing has even been brought up is a sign that illegal substances have become troublesome in high school environments. Therefore, school officials should be allowed to use any means necessary to discourage the use of these illegal substances, even if it means that the school officials could become dangerously close to violating the students’ constitutional rights. A student under the influence of drugs or alcohol could endanger his or her fellow students or faculty and that student should not be allowed to attend that school. School officials must protect those who are at that school, so having a student whose actions are being controlled by illegal substances would not be the best way to protect the students and faculty. Students should be tested everyday for drugs, alcohol, and tobacco so that the students are healt hier, the students have better grades, and the students never start doings things that could have a negative impact on their future.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First, schools should be allowed to test students for illegal substances everyday so that the students are healthier. Drugs, alcohol and tobacco have all been proven to be very unhealthy to a person at any age, especially to a person in his or her teenage years when he or she is still growing. In...

Comparing the Message of The Rhodera, Each and All, and Hamatreya :: comparison compare contrast essays

The Message of The Rhodera, Each and All, and Hamatreya We hear every day that we don’t appreciate nature and that we try and conquer it but I don’t think anyone actually thinks about what that means. These three combine to tell of nature and what Emerson appreciates about it. They also let nature have a "say" about what she thinks of humans. In "The Rhodora" a simple flower makes the speaker of the poem consider his own creation. He talks of the beauty of this flower and how it rivals the rose. As Sidney stated, "Emerson was really in touch with the beauty of nature." In other words, many people in their discussion focused on the fact that these poems brought to our attention the incredible beauty of nature that we often overlook. To me, it goes much farther. Finally he states, "in my simple ignorance, suppose The self-same Power that brought me there brought you." You can almost feel the light bulb go off over the speaker’s head when he realizes that he is a part of a larger creation. He isn’t separate from this flower; the same force brought both of them to this world. He states that he was ignorant. Most of us are ignorant of the fact that we are a part of a world that is made up of interlocking parts. We consider ourselves "the top of the food chain." (In reality if a lion got hungry enough he’d eat us too.) Plants thrive off of the carbon dioxide that we produce and we thrive off of the oxygen that they produce. Nature depends upon itself. We are part of that creation, not rulers over it. The speaker here finally realizes that both man and flower were put on this earth by the same force and we depend upon each other. Nature makes him reflect upon his own creation.(This is similar to the idea brought up in the web hypertext on Nature—"most people define nature as Not-human but we are natural beings." This poem is the realization of this statement.) In "Each and All" this idea is taken one step further. The speaker states, "Thy life to thy neighbor’s creed has lent. All are needed by each one." In other words, all parts of life depend upon other components of life. He also talks of how he removed things from nature and got them home and all of a sudden they don’t seem the way they were.

Company Evaluation Essay

A: Evaluation: Company Q is a small grocery store chain working on being profitable in a large city. Company Q had a couple of stores that were not profitable and were in an area rated for higher crime, so they chose to close these two stores. The social responsibility choice by Company Q was abatement, choosing to remove the stores from the negative environment (Ferrell, Fraedrich, & Ferrell, 2008). Company Q has by request, been offering high margin items, specifically organic products which are considered a health conscious choice for customers concerned with the environment. These items have to be fresh and being perishable after being displayed for the day result in discarding or wasting by throwing the food away, which is of concern to the community. The community has a food bank which asked for donations of this organic food hoping to help those in need, but Company Q turned them down and showed no real interest in helping the community with the excuse for concern over possible fraud or empl oyees stealing the food that was claimed to be for donation. The social responsibility for helping those in need is being avoided by Company Q simply because they claim concern over fraud by employees. This choice by Company Q may give them a negative reputation for the community (Ferrell, Fraedrich, & Ferrell, 2008). Job seekers may not want to work for Company Q if they see it as not being socially responsible and the possibility of being stereotyped as a possible thief just because you work for Company Q. The employees may have lower morale because of the negative reputation and disgust towards management for the lack of trust as an excuse for being socially irresponsible towards those in need. This choice may also cause a drop in current shoppers and a choice by possible new shoppers to choose to shop elsewhere. Recommendations: 1. Regarding the stores that were closed in the higher crime rate section of the city due to loss in revenue, the employees and customers or primary stakeholders would be negatively affected. These individuals might not be able to find employment elsewhere and the customers may not be able to travel to another store to remain satisfied customers. This likely being  the case, Company Q has a social responsibility to improve this situation. They can reopen the stores, hire security employees, and install security cameras to discourage the theft problem. This will restore the positive attitude with the employees and customers. This will restore relations with the community and the suppliers. 2. Company Q by request has made a good choice to offer the health foods, though they are high margin products. However, the customers have been asking for years for healthy foods, so the responsibility of Company Q remains that they should sell much more in the health food line. They should choose to sell as much of the lower priced items in the health food line as possible. The community wants the healthy food and it is an important step for Company Q to care about the health of the community as well. Taking care of the community from a healthy standpoint is an important social responsibility that reaches out to the health and mental attitudes of all those who chose to take advantage of a healthy diet. The next step is to choose an ethical way to give back to the community as a social responsibility for the unsold perishable items. To relieve the concern of employee bad behavior, Company Q could draw up an agreement with the local food bank such that they would have to pick up the day-old products and sign a check sheet list of items that were accepted on the given day date. This would create accountability by the food bank personnel and eliminate the possibility for employee theft. It also would yield a positive attitude in the community for Company Q and possibly increase their bottom line making it attractive to shareholders. 3. Company Q has a responsibility to their employees to restore relations with them, as well. Company Q might explore the possibility of donating their time through volunteerism with employees who are willing to sign up for a given number of hours per week at the food bank. Therefore, Company Q would be showing their concern for the community and persons who are less fortunate. This will restore employee trust to know that they work for a company who is socially responsible by giving back to the community and employees would appreciate the opportunity to participate in a volunteer outreach to the food bank. These changes would improve the employee morale. This will get some recognition by the community and likely, some of the secondary stakeholders including media may want to air Company Q on TV relating the donation to the food bank of the day-old food and may film the  employees donating their time to the food bank. This could help Company Q with their interest in the community and shareholders by possibly making their stock go up and increase their sales in all of their stores. References Ferrell, O., Fraedrich, J., & Ferrell, L. (2008). An Overview of Business Ethics; Ethical Issues and The Institutionalization of Business Ethics. In O. Ferrell, J. Fraedrich, & L. Ferrell, Business Ethics Ethical Decision Making and Cases (pp. 4-85). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.

Magwitch’s feelings about dying

I am going to die. Going to die I am. I am to die going. Five flittering little words, whirling round and round my head. Death. The Grim Reaper, Lucifer, the Great Crow, the Black Cat, Anubis, the Pale Horseman. Humanity's greatest mystery, oldest fear, the Hourglass we all try to run away from, finally to be unmasked; I am no longer afraid. Suddenly, there is so much I want to say, so much I want to do, but in my sudden rush of adrenaline I am confined to these four walls, this hard, rough mattress, eyes fixed on the blank, white ceiling. I want to move, say something, let the world know that this is it, I'm through, I'm done†¦but then again, who will care? It hits me; what are we, foolish human beasts? Did we really think we could cut the marionette strings that link us to Time's fiddling hands? Is it possible, that we once believed we were safe from the sharp edges of the Fates' scissors? Surely we didn't, couldn't, once imagine that we would be prepared to die, that we would know when our ferry through Acheron would embark. No, surely not; before you know it, the obolus is stuffed down your throat and Charon's dark paddle begins to glide through the gloomy waters of the underworld. I repeat, I am not afraid, just mystified by the mists of the Unknown that follow behind the curtain. I can see it, flimsy little thing; a roughly cut, black silk sheet, full of whispers and buzzing voices. Who's there? Can I touch it? I'm going insane. No Magwitch, there is no curtain, there's just the blank white ceiling, get some sleep. I don't want to sleep! I want to go! I want to touch the curtain! What does it feel like? It looks so soft†¦ too soft. Something isn't right. It's not beautiful anymore, in fact, as you get closer to it, you can see it really isn't silk, they're dirty rags, intertwined in each other's filth†¦I don't want to pull this curtain anymore, I don't like it. Pip! Come back! Come back and tell me of my daughter! May I know more of her before I die that the mere fact that she is alive and the woman of your dreams! Please†¦the Lord won't be merciful to me! Please†¦don't leave me†¦ I am not ready for this, but I let it happen anyways; with one last sweeping action, the curtain engulfs me in its sea of black. I am going to die. I am dead.

History of Psychology Essay

Despite being an old field of study, psychology is said to have a brief history (Klemm, 2008). Scanning through the history of psychology presents a complexity due to the changing philosophical views characteristic of early psychologists. The evolution of psychology to formal discipline is relatively a new move dating back to the 19th century. In the Western tradition in particular, the late 19th century psychologist greatly influence to psychology as a discipline and laid down the basis for development of the science of psychology. Development of modern psychology The field of medicine and physiology seemed to have paved way for the later development of psychology as a discipline. The works of physicians such as Acmaeon of Croton who had a Pythagorean philosophy related the brain as the center where thought and perception are processed. Acmaeon postulated that every sense organ is has connections to the brain. During 460 BC, Hippocrates came into the scene and disapproved that epilepsy was a demonic possession and instead related this to be a brain pathology inherited along the family line. Such research reflected on the brain as a cause of certain behaviors but there were no empirical studies to prove this (Boeree, 2010). Psychology at this time was therefore not clearly defined as a discipline until mid to late 1800s. In the late 17th century, psychology was gaining popularity in the West and this was to become the beginning of modern psychology which has a scientific perspective. The first psychology laboratory was established in 1875 by Wilhelm Wundt at the University of Leipzig, Germany. This was the establishment that founded psychology as a modern scientific discipline paving way for the development of psychology as a scientific discipline. Wundt upheld that the physical and mental aspects of human beings were interrelated in that each had its opposite counterpart. As Wundt was setting up his laboratory in Leipzig in 1875, William James was also instituting a similar laboratory at Harvard thus making Wundt and James be regarded as the fathers of modern psychology. Wundt carried out various studies on sensation as well as perception and in 1879 he supervised a graduate student in psychology. Later on in 1881, Wundnt established the Philosophische Studien journal. His establishment of the â€Å"Institute for Experimental Psychology† was a notable step forwards towards enhancing psychology as a discipline (Boeree, 2010, para 34). William James is traced as the first American psychologist having born in New York in 1842. Through interacting with other psychologists such as Wundt while in Germany, James would later return to the U. S. and while teaching physiological psychology at Harvard in 1875, he established a psychology lab. Among the philosophers whom James interacted with at Harvard thus influencing his views on psychology included Charles Peirce and Chauncey Wright. Pierce was of the Kant’s philosophy of truth can never be known whereas Wright upheld the idea that behavior was shaped by beliefs as well as survival for the fittest. James’ publications on psychology in the late 1800s and his rise to a professor of psychology established him more to influence modern psychology. For instance, his 1889 text book on The Principles of Psychology was a good foundation on psychology (Boeree, 2010). Two schools of thought propagated by both Wundt and James were to emerge as the pillars of psychology’s school of thought: structuralism and functionalism. While James propagated functionalism, Wundt mainly influence the structuralism school of thought. The functionalism idea was that consciousness is a dynamically changing aspect of human life. Functionalism was looking into how adaptation to the environment depends on human behavior. As a method of direct observation, functionalism was more appraised in this school of thought. Structuralism which was Wundnt’s school of thought was an introspection method of experimental psychology. Although disregarded for long, structuralism lately came to be respected as an important aspect of modern psychology. Structuralism appraises the breakdown of consciousness into detailed aspects such as perception and sensation. The study of both structuralism and functionalism were then explored further psychologists such as E. B. Titchener who upheld structuralism and John Dewey on the functionalism side. Although experimental psychology in the U. S. became more established in the 20th century through establishment of more labs, the 1883 lab at John Hopkins University by G.  Stanley was also advancement in modern psychology (Boeree, 2010). Conclusion Modern psychology is rooted in many disciplines including physiology and philosophy. In fact fathers of modern psychology had a rich philosophical background out of studying and interacting with philosophy scholars. The influence of Kant’s and Darwin’s ideas no doubt shaped Wilhelm Wundt and William James to develop experimental psychology and later the structuralism and functionalism schools of thought which have affected modern psychology greatly.

Organization of International Business

Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. was incorporated in 1969 and now is the world’s largest and most successful grocery retailer which was selected as world’s largest company in 2007, by Fortune 500. It has 8,970 stores in 15 countries and total revenue of $421,849 billion (2010). Wal-Mart’s main business strategy is ‘EDLP-Every Day Low Price’ which is the key-point of their success. To accomplish this strategy, they mainly focused on efficiency of distribution structure. They used ‘Cross-docking system’, ‘POS’ system, ‘QR-Quick Response’ System. All those strategies core values are ‘Time’ and ‘Response’.Shorten the time for everything includes distribution, storing, etc directly affected lower the price of goods which could be best response to customer need. In other words, Wal-Mart has been successful since they always managed their time and response to customer. Those points were same for Wal-Mart ’s â€Å"International division† startegy. Their international division wasn’t like these days at the early stage. The international division was centralized so the branches needed to get approval for every action and decision from headquarter in USA.However, this centralization process made whole process slow and it harmed the core value of Wal-Mart. Also, they realized that the system can’t be same in other countries. It needed to be changed and modified in order to fully get into each local market place. By the late 1990’s they started to change their policy for international division. They gave more responsibility to each division so that they don’t have to wait for approval and response from headquarter. By this change, each international divisions could meet their local market’s need more rapidly and effectively.2. Why did the centralization of decisions in Wal-Mart’s international division at headquarters create problems for the company’s different national operations? Has Wal-Mart’s response been appropriate? The headquarter first thought that centralization will help them get into other countries cause the methods and ways they used were already proved in domestic market. The centralization wasn’t that bad when they started because there were not many things to care about. However, by the international division gets bigger, they had to deal with bunch of things from lot of different countries.The headquarter had to consider tons of decisions and problems. Of course the whole process got into arrears. In other word, the headquarter of Wal-Mart was overloaded. This condition was natural because the domestic way couldn’t be fitted same in other countries. Each international division tried their best in order to make maximum profit on their market, and that effort caused lot of things to be approved by headquarter. To solve this problem, Wal-Mart started to decentralize th eir international division. This helped each division to tailor them self more easily for the local customers.They could make decision and take action faster. Also they could response to local customer’s need instantly. I think this decision was pretty appropriate. Headquarter can focus to their main domestic market without waste their energy and international division also can make best result in their local market. 3. Do you think that having an international division is the best structure for managing Wal-Mart’s foreign operations? What problems might arise with this structure? What other structure might work? I think international division is moderate choice for Wal-Mart’s foreign operations.The head quarter can easily replicate the domestic structure to international division so that they don’t struggle from start in new local market. However, I think there could be problems arise with that way. There could be damage to headquarter’s reputatio n they’ve made in domestic market if international division makes mistake or distortion of core value while they try to adjust to local market. It will seriously harm whole Wal-Mart’s name and will affect their sales. For example, while they try to get into Korea, they didn’t know about Korea’s atmosphere and condition.They struggled in Korea for years and finally got out of Korea without getting anything. This mistake damaged Wal-Mart’s name maybe not only in Korea division but also in headquarter. In this case for Wal-Mart, Worldwide Area Structure could worked, too. If they use this structure, the great system they proved in domestic market can be used in all the areas but all the other things can be adjusted to each area’s property. In that way, they can reduce possibility of failure in certain country like Korea or German.4. Conclusion Wal-Mart is one of biggest company in the world and they’re making huge amount of money all ove r the world. There is no doubt that they are successful. But it doesn’t mean that they have nothing to fix or improve. If they want to expand their business, they should make their international division more efficient and effective. That means, sure they should use their great system they have used in domestic market to international division but those strategies are needed to be reformed in each countries. In that way, they might able to make high profit all over the world without struggling from cultural and industry difference.

Annotated bibliography Essay Example for Free (#7)

Annotated bibliography Essay Source 1:http://business.time.com/2011/08/31/will-steve-jobs-departure-hurt-the-economy/ Summarize: This article discusses how big of an impact Steve Jobs has on the economy we live in today. Apple is a multi-billion dollar company. It has more financial ammo than most sovereign countries, by financial ammo I mean it has much more money than others companies in sovereign countries. Apple trumps the Gross domestic production of Denmark, Thailand, and Greece, which makes the company a true power house in today’s Society. If someone were to ask me what this article is about, I would tell them it explains in detail the impact Steve jobs had on the global economy. Mr. Jobs affected many countries from japan to the United States in a multitude of ways. Assess: This source is useful because it exemplifies the impact of Steve jobs from the Economic perspective. This source is very reliable because it is covered with update information and it is an original written article. The author of this article is not biased; the article exhibits both pros and cons. The goal of this article is to explain the impact Steve jobs had on the economy. Reflection: This source is genuinely helpful to me because it brings forth perfect points that I can connect to while I write my paper. It states how apple affects not only the United States Economy but other countries’ economies as well. This article helps my argument because it says that Steve jobs have a very big effect on the economy. An example of this is in the stock market, when Steve jobs stepped down as CEO of apple, the stock market dropped 5 percent. That is a bona-fide example of how he affects the economy in contrast to the prime Minister of Japan. Source 2: http://www.economist.com/node/21551058 Summarize: This article predominantly talks about how Apple is a major economy innovator. In the last 11 years, apple has come out with 3 products that have completely changed the market. The iPod, iPhone, and iPad. Apple has provided ways to effortlessly surf the internet anywhere anyone wants to, with a beautiful design. Apple has basically created its own mobile generation. Apple has demonstrated that even though the economy is strict, consumers are willing to pay for a â€Å"must have gadget†. Assess: This source is ideally useful because it describes how apple has surpassed its  competitors. Within the last 11 years apple has come out with 3 products that have changed the economy not only in the United States but in other countries too. The information presented in this article is reliable, because all the information is authentic. Also this article is not biased; it shows both the pros and con of the affects Apple has on the economy. The goal of this source is to show how Steve jobs affected the economy in various countries. Reflection: This source will be used to represent how much money Steve jobs generates and how people are willing to do to get this â€Å"must have product†. For an example there was a near-riot in Beijing when customers could not buy the latest iPhone. This source is useful to me because it shows how Steve jobs effects the economy, again when your product runs out and it starts a riot, it is clearly affecting the economy of that region. The source will shape my argument because it helps me show people just how much of an affect Steve Jobs has on the economy, his products are so well loved that if there aren’t any left people start to riot over it. Global Politics: Source 1: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/22/business/apple-america-and-a-squeezed-middle-class.html?pagewanted=all&_r=2& Summarize: This article mainly discuses the comment made by President Obama. As Steve Jobs was speaking, President Barack Obama interrupted and asked him â€Å"what would it take to make iPhones in the United States?Why can’t that work come home?† He said that because apple was saying that their products were made in the United States but practically all of the 70 million iPhones, 30 million iPads and 59 million other products that Apple produce were sold last year, were manufactured overseas. Mr. Jobs responded withâ€Å"Those jobs aren’t coming back.† He said that because 700,000 people engineer and build and assemble apple parts, in addition to the 43,00 people apple employs in the United States and the 20,000 they employ overseas. Nearly none of those 700,000 people live in the United states, they work in other countries. Some part of the iPhone are American. The software for the iPhone, for instance, and its marketing campaigns were created in the United States. Apple recently built a $500 million data center in North Carolina.â€Å"Also another advantage for Apple was that China provided engineers at an extent the United States could not Annotated bibliography. (2016, May 23). We have essays on the following topics that may be of interest to you

Project on Syracuse University Handicap Access Lab Report

Project on Syracuse University Handicap Access - Lab Report Example Materials The material necessary for the completion of this report included conducting a survey of the different areas of the university premises to find out what facilities are accessible to the disable personnel who get into the premises. The other method used to collect data was interviews. An interview was conducted with the construction supervisor to find out on their plans to make their designs accessible to disabled personnel. Collected data Lot Name Total Spots Handicap Spots ADA Requirement Within Requirement? (Yes or No) Arch Strip   28 28 2 2 Yes Adam Street Garage 301 7 8 No Booth Garage 365 8 8 Yes Brockway 26 0 2 No Brewster Boland Garage 196 2 6 No Day/Flint   134 5 5 Yes Dome 34 0 2 No Harrison 60 3 3 Yes Haven 18 1 1 Yes Irving Garage 409 14 9 Yes Lawrinson Garage 154 0 6 No Marion 58 2 3 No Ostrom   58 58 0 3 No Quad 1 154 11 6 Yes Quad2 46 3 2 Yes Quad 3   27 4 2 Yes Quad 4   107 3 5 No Quad 5  Ã‚   21 2 1 Yes Sadler   53 0 3 No Shaw 51 1 3 No Stadium 474 0 9 No University Ave Garage 783 17 15.66 Yes Walnut West   10 1 1 Yes Washington 5 1 1 Yes Washington Arms 20 1 1 Yes Waverly   109 8 5 Yes Women's Building N/S  Ã‚   105 2 5 No TOTAL 3806 98 Results The data collected as shown above indicates that most of the parking lots that the survey was conducted were accessible to persons with disabilities. ... From the research conducted by the author it was found that the south campus does not put in disabled spots unless requested by an individual and then they will put a disabled spot near the residence of the person who requested. From the dining hall that is being built in the west campus, there are plans to put disabled spots but there is no room so there will be no likelihood of adding more parking. The construction supervisor should be advised to consider putting in place elevators since the area is not enough for the construction of ramps. From the above chart we gather that only 5.52% of the university’s parking lot is accessible to the disabled personnel. The amount of space created for handicapped spot should not be much but at least a sizable space that is enough. This may not be much or equal but it shows an effort to provide the ethical responsibility of the university to the disabled personnel within the premises and outside. According to the design manual- barrier f ree (2008), ramps should be conducted in all areas accessible to all kinds of people especially shopping malls, pathway alleys, tenant buildings and even restaurants. The ADA act requires that all landlords should make structural changes to existing facilities to meet their program accessibility requirements. This act also applicable to the facilities undertaking constructions and everyone is liable to the consequences of breaking the rule. The design manual- barrier free (2008), requires that every facility that offers access to the handicapped to provide ramps to make an ease access of the building. Wheelchair ramps can be permanent, semi-permanent or portable. Permanent and

Attitude and beliefs part 1 and Part 2 Assignment

Attitude and beliefs part 1 and Part 2 - Assignment Example I find these types of quiz to be very helpful as these are the exercises, with which I can spend some quality time for my needs, understand my own preferences and changing needs and help in determining the factors influencing decisions of my career and life. After reading the Canada’s Human Rights Commission and the Ontario Human Rights Commission, I find various issues which were new to me or my knowledge was limited in the same. I was aware of discrimination due to color of skin and sex but I was not very clear about the kind of discrimination by disability or age. I think my group of friends will get benefit of this information. One of my friend is physically challenged and often when he is not served well he simply says ‘its fine, leave it’. I think now I know he can claim over his right to be served and treated equally. I have not witnessed any situation where the Canadian workplace laws were not adhered to the Canadian Human Rights

Narrative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Narrative - Essay Example I was however born with a rebellious streak and this made me meet my male friends at a place, the rock-side park that we had designated for this purpose. (Appositive) It was peaceful, cheerful and had a wonderful scent to it, and my only goal at the time was to change people’s mindsets, despite being so young, with regard to accepting the fact that girls and boys can be friends. Soon, among all my friends, I grew to have a close bond with Ali. Ali and I grew to be very attached to each other as we would always play together and go for walks. I shared every thought with him and both of us were teased by all our other friends. â€Å"You both are going to end up getting married one day!† one of them would remark. â€Å"And then you will have little babies to play with!† another would add childishly. Ali and I always laughed these taunts off because at the time we did not understand the concept of marriage. We would often walk to the candy store, team up in games together and share our problems and achievements with each other. As time passed, our relationship grew into a very strong bond of friendship that no one could break. Ali was always protective of me and watched out for me. We stuck to each other during the good and the bad times and grew to become extremely fond of each other. While playing games, Ali and I would always side together in teams and defeat the others. Our friends would always tell us, â€Å"Both of you make an excellent pair!† Soon though, my family, including myself, relocated to the United States of America, and at that time, I was apprehensive of the relationship that shared with Ali. Till the time that we were together, things were good for us however, we had never given any thought to what life would be like without the other person around. We did not realise that we had grown so close to each other that it was impossible to spend some time apart.

Weight trining Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Weight trining - Essay Example The article recommends routine training and after every 12 weeks, one takes a week off of weight training to cure any minor injuries and to give the central nervous system a rest. Cheating arises when one uses a weight that is too heavy for them to lift, but go ahead to lift the weight and forgo form to do it. This not only confines the gains one can make, but can cause injuries. Lifting heavy weights while still young can lead to premature growth plates (epiphysis). The website goes ahead to explain how low rep ranges prepare muscular strength, which in turn helps little in increasing muscular size. The site has helped me realize that not all people are the same and should not therefore copy another person’s routine so as to get the same results. Another important thing I have learnt from the site is that one does not necessarily need to fast to achieve his/her goal. When you starve yourself, the body holds onto any fat it has, therefore, one will lose muscle instead which is very unhealthy. One should also not neglect carbohydrates and fats in their foods as well as relying so much on the supplements. Finally, it is important that before embarking on weight training, one should undertake extensive research to facilitate attainment of his or her goals. Remember nothing takes place immediately and one should be

American Ethnic Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

American Ethnic Literature - Essay Example The relationship between the ethnic and the mainstream is not a static one. Especially in a multiethnic nation like the US, this relationship is continually changing. The relationship between the mainstream and ethnic communities, as well as their literary utterances, always goes through a process of mutual commentary and refashioning. We can apply Trivedi's formulation in defining the phenomenon as a 'transactionas an interactive, dialogic, two-way process rather than a simple active-passive one; as a process involving complex negotiation and exchange'. (Trivedi,1993 p.125) The question of language and literary production is integrally linked to the issue of power and political control and domination. Noted Spanish American author Richard Rodriguez' 'Hunger of Memory' foregrounds this association of language with the centralization of power structure. For Rodriguez, language is a conduit of social power, and the notion of 'public identity' is largely dependant on one's mastery of academic English. Similarly with literature, political domination is closely connected with canon formation. As a result, literature produced by the 'mainstream', following codes of European aesthetics, comes to be accepted as the 'mainstream' literature, or simply 'literature' of America. On the other hand, literary works produced outside the scope of this central literary corpus is designated as 'ethnic literature': the 'margin' to the American 'center'. Long relegated only to the second ranks of literary practice, ethnic literature at present takes a much appreciable position vis--vis what is usually considered to be mainstream literature. An interest towards an understanding of 'ethnic' voices in literature and relocating them within the range of mainstream academic practice has also been observed in the present times. However, this attempt has attracted a certain degree of hostility: a kind of academic hostility that is not an uncommon reaction to the center's attention towards ethnography and ethnic literature. The Chicana/o communities have been prominent in their conflictual engagement with the role and function of 'ethnic' intellectual/ academic identities, as defined by the 'academic' center. Angie Chabran has been particular suspicious of this whole enterprise of 'Chicana/o' studies - stating that it uncritically assists in the anthropoligation of the Chicana/o people. (Chabran 228-47) This attitude is now gaining currency, that ethnic study, in the form of literature or sociology, or within any other academic discipline, is basically a kind of re-instatement of categories rather than an attempt to obliteration. However, on the flip side of hostility, there have also been attempts towards reaching a cultural middle point, towards 'hybridization'. This hybridization has also been brought about by a dynamic relationship between the mainstream and the ethnic literary practices. The aesthetic and the consequent economic dictates of mainstream literary practice has influenced the narrative style and aesthetic stylizations of the ethnic forms. They have retained some of the literary forms that have ethnic roots, but have been adopted to fit the more linear and accepted forms of mainstream li

Protecting the natural environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Protecting the natural environment - Essay Example Catriona Mortimer aptly states that there should be a balance between Cronon’s wilderness-based environment view and Deluca’s human conservation-based environment concept. The key issue is whether to prioritize preserving or protecting the natural environment or filling the people’s need for wood, animal, and other natural environment needs. In Will Cronon's â€Å"The Trouble with Wilderness; or, Getting Back to the Wrong Nature," the author insists that ''only by exploring the middle ground will we learn ways of imaging a better world for all of us†¦ (85).† The quote clearly shows that environmentalism should include caring for both humans and nonhumans. Environmentalism should focus on helping both the poor and the rich, men and women, all individuals (without discrimination). The quote clearly shows that Cronon’s concern for the environment includes preserving the forests, plants, and animals. Further, Will Cronon insists that the natural en vironment includes the presence of freely roaming animals and abundant plant growth by indicating that the romantic legacy defines wilderness as a wonder topic (88). People should not abuse burning or cutting the forest in order to make homes or communities. The garden tree reminds the people that there are other trees living in the far distant natural forest environment. As proof, Cronon (73) insists that Edmund Burke, Immanuel Kant, William Gilpin postulated that sublime landscapes gives one more chances to have a personally commune with God. In addition, Will Cronon(85) emphasizes that humans should preserve the natural environment. Cronon insists without trees, people will no longer be able to have forest camping trips. Cronon defined people as having the selfish interest to destroy the natural environment. Cronon prefers that the forests and national parks should be preserved instead of hiring a jobless resident to cut down the trees. Cronon desires that it is preferable for th e jobless tree cutter resident to be jobless when compared to the cutting of trees. The jobless resident’s life is secondary when compared to the preservation of the natural forest and wildlife environment. In terms of survival, Will Cronon (85) puts the human needs behind the need to preserve our natural forest covers. Cronon (85) goes to state that cutting down trees is described as environmental abuse and irresponsibility. Norton further reiterates that people have a worst impression that people live the comforts of the urban industrial civilization and pretentiously create a beautiful image that the individual’s real home should be in the wilderness, working on a nine-to-five hectic job. Cronon (81) proposes that the defenders of biological diversity balance should appeal others to ensure the untouched virginal ecosystems should be retained at all costs. Consequently, people can retain the beauty and existence of the richest and most abundant animals and plants. Cr onon (69) insists that man’s last cure his too-muchness is the wilderness. The wilderness is an unexplored place where human touch has never infected (touched or encroached).Cronon further states that the wilderness will is the only antidote to the environment-debilitating human disease. Clearly, Cronon persuades that both people and the wilderness must live on equal terms, preserving the plants, animals, and humans. On the other hand, Kevin DeLuca's â€Å"A Wilderness Environmentalism Manifesto: Contesting the Infinite Self-Absorption of Humans† directly criticize Cronon's insistence that people should prioritize saving the forests, plants and animals. Kevin DeLuca opposes Cronon’s belief that the survival of the forest should higher than preservation of human life

Analysis on Antigone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Analysis on Antigone - Essay Example An interesting twist might be to make the organized crime family Japanese, a story based upon the Yakuza rather than the more commonly known organized crime structure of the Italian mob. The setting of the play is justified because of the familial themes that are similar in both of the genres. The Greek setting is based upon royal familial ties and the need for both legitimacy in Creon’s authority and a conflict in which Antigone must defy his decision. The character interactions in the play by Sophocles are defined by their ties within a family and this makes the transition to a setting in which organized crime is involved have a strong potential. The genre of organized crime is based upon the ‘family’, thus the line of succession is a part of their power structure. That the role of Creon would be in jeopardy of losing his place would also play nicely in the organized crime genre because although family is important, it is not the only criteria for establishing power. The son of an organized crime boss or the brother is not necessarily in line to inherit the control of the syndicate. The misogyny in organized crime can also be translated from the Greek. In the literary genre of organized crime stories women typically do not have a great deal of power and are more often portrayed as victims. Women in Japanese society have a tradition of being submissive, thus the nature of Antigone would have the same meaning if translated into a modern context. She is both young and female, thus her opinion would not be taken into consideration similar to the way it was not taken into consideration in the Greek version until she acted. Although modern Japanese women have more power than in the past, the organized crime syndicate of the Yakuza is based upon lower socio-economic male members of the Japanese society who are disenfranchised and find a brotherhood with the Yakuza gangs. It is typically male oriented (Howard, 2011). The setting of Japan in

The similarities in the feelings of males and females Essay Example for Free

The similarities in the feelings of males and females Essay The similarities in the feelings of males and females towards sexuality rest on the common external influences, especially socio-cultural factors (Greenberg, Bruess Conklin, 2007) that distinguish male and female sexuality. The common exposure to gender roles (Greenberg et al., 2007) creates a common feeling towards sexuality in terms of acceptance of their assigned roles when there is no strong alternative. Family expectations (Greenberg et al., 2007) also comprise a common influence on the feelings of males and females towards sexuality. The family structure, with close links to gender roles, operates to train males and females towards the appropriate attitudes and behavior for their respective genders. Males become breadwinners and females take on domestic responsibility. Ethnic norms (Greenberg et al., 2007) also determine the feelings of males and females towards sexuality in terms of adherence to their place and roles in the home and the wider community as part of their ethnic identity. Media influence (Greenberg et al., 2007) is a common influence on the attitudes of males and females towards sexuality expressed in socialization. The difference in the feelings of males and females towards sexuality depend on the internal factors, particularly biological and psychological factors (Greenberg et al., 2007). Both males and females experience similar exposure to socio-cultural factors but biological factors such as genetic chromosomes and sex hormones (Greenberg et al., 2007) account for differences in feelings toward sexuality. The predominance of testosterone in males accounts for greater tendencies towards aggression (Greenberg et al., 2007) relative to females. Biological developments also give rise to differences in physiological development that influence different drives and perspectives of sexuality. Concurrent psychological factors influence differences in emotions and mentality of males and females towards sexuality. The genders can bridge these differences by challenging socio-cultural factors that no longer or never reflected gender realities, exchanging feedback on their feelings towards sexuality, and negotiating change in perspectives. Reference Greenberg, J. S., Bruess, C. E., Conklin, S. C. (2007). Exploring the dimensions of human sexuality. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

Homogenized Mushroom Tissue Based Biosensors

Homogenized Mushroom Tissue Based Biosensors ABSTRACT Homogenized mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) tissue based biosensors by using plant tissue materials is a relatively new development in the biosensor technology. A simple in dip stick kind of visual ethanol biosensor that based on immobalised alcohol oxidase (AOX) homogenized from mushroom tissue onto polyaniline (PANI) film for ethanol (> 5% concentration ) detection in toiletries products. The colour going to change from green to blue due to response of biosensor to the ethanol and the change of colour can be seen by naked eyes. Regarding the enzymatic reaction of ethanol, acetaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide will produced, then PANI film is latter going to be oxidised. The method used to immobalise AOX onro the PANI film is by adsorption. Regarding immobilisation process, AOX solution need to deposit on the PANI film and then left it at room temperature within 30 minutes until it dry. Scan and analyse the changes film’s colour to obtain the biosensor’s response characteris tics toward the ethanol. The biosensor respond. Therefore, this simple visual biosensor is suitable for all-range-aged community to determine the safeness of certain toiletries products from the ethanol. Keywords : Biosensor; Alcohol Oxidase Ethanol; Mushroom Tissue; Polyaniline; Toiletries 6.0Â  EXPERIMENTAL 6.1Â  Chemicals 10-40 units/mg protein of Alcohol Oxidase or simply called (AOX) (A2404, EC1.1.3.13) which extract from mushroom (A. Bisporus). These mushroom can be bought at fresh market as culture vegetables. Before use make sure store it at 4Â °C. In order to immobalization use 225 bloom of gelatin from calf skin and 25.0% glutaraldehyde. Ascorbic acid, 2-propanol, D-glucose, n-butanol and many more chemicals needed can be purchased from Sigma, St. Louis, USA. Aniline with AR-grade, gallic acid (G7384) and l-cysteine (W326305) can be purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). Ethanol which contain >99.5%, methanol, orthophosphoric acid (85%) and sodium hydroxide (pellets) can be delivered by Merck (Nottingham, UK). All needed chemicals are from commercial source which in analytical grade. Millipore Direct-QTM 5 purification system provide the Milli-Q water. Prepare ethanol’s stock solutions in 0.1 M phosphate buffer at suitable pH daily and store it in refrigerator at 4 Â °C. For pH studies, 0.1 M of the phosphate buffer solutions with pH values between 4 and 8 were can be used and to measure the pH value, use commercial glass electrode and pH-meter (model 9318, Hanna Instruments, Woonsocket, RL, USA) and calibrate it at the pH values of 4.00, 7.00 and 9.00. 6.2Â  Homogenization of Mushroom Tissue Homogenize 200 mg mushroom tissue in the 400ml phosphate buffer. Mix this 300 ml homogenate and 10 mg gelatin. Incubate it for 5 minutes at 38Â °C to make sure the gelatin is dissolved. 6.3Â  Preparation of Polyaniline (PANI) Film In order to prevent bumping in the aniline, purify the aniline with vigorous and rapid stirring by distilled under vacuum. Prepare PANI dispersion as nanofibre and Huang and Karner (2006) already mention the method to should to be used to build it. Mix 3.2 mmol or 0.3 g of purified aniline with 10 mL of 1.0M Hydrochloric Acid (HCL). Mix 0.8 mmol or 0.18 g of Ammonium peroxydisulfate into another 10 mL aliquot acid solutions. Add aniline-acid to oxidant and these two solution will mix rapidly within 30 seconds and then allow it to react in undisturbed overnight condition. On the next day, wash the polyaniline by using water and centrifuged. Supernatant liquor with pH 3.3 and strong green colour will form and it is indicate as the PANI particles which can be observed after several times of washing. Any remaining particles with size larger than 1ÃŽ ¼m must be removed before casting by passing the dispersion through a 55-mm glass fiber filter (Whatman GFA, Kent, UK) which is attach to va cuum source. Cast directly PANI dispersion on a substrate of polystyrene and then, left the thin film of PANI that on the sheet of polystyrene in the dark to dry after cut it into individual in 10mm2 size. Next, store that ready film at 4Â °C. The thickness must be 0.7ÃŽ ¼m and use SEM images to determine it. To make sure the thickness of the film is always in the same magnitude order, it must be determined routinely. Then, choose 0.7 ÃŽ ¼m thickness of PANI film to use for the further experiment result in good of PANI film fabrication reproducibility. 6.4Â  Enzyme Immobilization Immerse the PANI film in 0.1 M phosphate buffer which have pH 7.0 to make sure the condition of PANI film is at natural condition which means at pH 7.0. After that, deposit appropriate concentration about 10 ÃŽ ¼L of AOX solution which is from homogenate of mushroom tissues and phosphate buffer on the PANI film and left it to dry within 30 minutes. For the further use, store this PANI film with immobilised AOX at 4 Â °C. 6.5Â  Biosensor Construction Construct a dip stick test visual biosensor of PANI film with immobilized AOX as Figure 1, connect AOX/PANI film with a handle which made by cellulose paper or can use transparent plastic tape. To way to use this this dip-stick format visual biosensor by just dipping this kind of biosensor into the toiletries sample solution for a several seconds (Â ±5 s), then the change of colour can be seen by baked eye if the concentration of ethanol is >5% since that only amount allowed to be in toiletries products and use image analysis for the quantitative measurement change of colour. (a)(b) Figure 1: (a) dip stick format of biosensor (b) dip biosensor into toiletries sample solution (Kuswandi et.al,2014) 6.6 Colour Change Recording See the change of colour by naked eye during alcohol detection since this biosensor is kind of visual mode. Use scanner for example Canon, Cano Scan, Japan and Tokyo for quantification of colour measurements. The presence of ethanol exceed 5% of concentration in toiletries sample solutions will change the colour of the biosensor from green to blue. The detection can be done by dipped the biosensor which in the form of dip stick test in the sample solutions in 5 seconds. Use ImageJ program which can be used as online applet, free download application or can be used in any computer together with Java 5 (Dougherty, 2009 Rueden et.al, 2007) in order to assess the colour after it has been scanned. The purpose s to determine the mean RGB colour value. 7.0Â  EXPECTED RESULT The expected result from this research is the colour of dip stick AOX/PANI film biosensor will change from green to blue if there presence of >5% of ethanol in toiletries products after the biosensor is dipped into the toiletries sample solutions for 5 seconds. Since this is the visual mode biosensor, the change of colour can easily seen by naked eyes. On the hand, use scanner (Canon, Cano Scan, Japan, Tokyo) for quantitative colour measurement and then use ImageJ program to assess the colour change of biosensor and to determine the mean RGB colour value. (Collins, 2007)

Conservation of the Great Barrier Reef: is the Benefit worth the Cost?

Conservation of the Great Barrier Reef: is the Benefit worth the Cost? Introduction The Great Barrier Reef has been an iconic part of Australia’s global image for decades. It is considered one of the seven natural wonders of the world, it has been a world heritage site since 1981 and it is considered a state icon of Queensland. This stunning and complex natural resource draws in more than two million visitors a year, and yet there is immense controversy surrounding the conservation of the reef. The Great Barrier Reef is a sensitive environment that relies on the costal ecosystems surrounding the reef to function. The costal ecosystems provide the aquatic terrestrial link that â€Å"†¦support[s] the physical, biological and biogeochemical process that underpin the ecosystem health of the Great Barrier Reef†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, 2012). The Great Barrier Reef provides Australians and people worldwide many social benefits such as agricultural production, commercial and recreational fishing, tourism, recreation and environm ental values. Total Economic Value of the Great Barrier Reef The Great Barrier Reef provides economic benefits when either preserved or destroyed. Environmental and economic concerns tend to raise controversy, whether it be land rights, natural resources, pollution or any other variety of environmental concerns. Public opinion is heavily divided, some believe that the environment should come first at all costs while others believe the economy is of greater importance. There is no right or wrong answer. The truth is that economic benefits often conflict with environmental and social benefits. This effects the way that policy makers make decisions, therefore it is very important that there is a way to value environmental features within nature in monetary terms. â€Å"Valuing nature in monetary terms can effectively inform policy settings and help industry, government, the science community and the wider public fully understand the contribution of the environment to the economy and society.† (Total economic value of the Great Barrier Reef what you need to know, 2017). In a world that is continually growing more environmentally conscientious it is important that there is a way to assist with mutual understanding of environmental and economic costs and benefits. Using the Total Economic Value (TEV) framework a monetary value can be placed environmental features such as the Great Barrier Reef. The aim of this essay is to provide an analysis of the value of the Great Barrier Reef and provide a case for conserving the Great Barrier Reef and limiting or modifying the main activities or driving forces that are putting pressure of the Reef’s overall health. What is Total Economic Value (TEV)? TEV is a cost-benefit analysis framework used for valuing a natural resource and comparing the cost and benefit of having said resource to the cost and benefit of not having it. As represented in figure 1 below, there are many different types of values, the main two being use values and non-use values. Figure 1: Total Economic Value Framework (Total economic value of the Great Barrier Reef what you need to know, 2017) Putting a monetary value on a natural resource is a complex task and therefore all values must be reviewed and understood. For example the Great Barrier Reef is an iconic Australian image, as an icon the Great Barrier Reef holds icon value which is internationally influential on not only tourism but politics and business as well. Identifying the Costs and Benefits of Great Barrier Reef Conservation Cost Benefit analysis (CBA) is a process that attempts to measure the positive and negative consequences of something. CBA measures externality effects, social benefits and effects on both participants and non-participants. Social Benefits of Great Barrier Reef Conservation The Great Barrier Reef holds a significant number of social benefits that need to be reviewed when considering the TEV or a CBA of the reef. In a report of this size not all benefits can be reviewed, just the most major social benefits and costs will be briefly discussed. The Great Barrier Reef has been an important resource for thousands of years, stretching back to when the indigenous population lived within the coastal areas surrounding the Great Barrier Reef. Today the reef is used and valued as a place for people to visit and enjoy. The reef has provided over 54000 full time jobs for Australians through fishing and tourism (At what price? The economic, social and icon value of the Great Barrier Reef, 2017). The reef is also an important area for culture, recreation, scientific research and defence force training (McCook et al., 2010). Even through indirect use the Great Barrier Reef effects millions of people purely by existing. Having a pristine coastal and marine area to use for recreational activities promotes a healthier lifestyle, this is a social benefit that provides a healthier population and therefore in the long term decreases medical costs. There is a similar situation regarding air pollution. Having a healthy coastal environment and healthy marine environment would help to increase clean air and reduce air pollution, this again would cut medical costs in the long term and promote a healthy lifestyle. Social Costs of Great Barrier Reef Conservation It can be argued that the conservation of the Great Barrier Reef will have a negative effect on jobs due to the fact that reef conservation has a negative effect on coal mining and shipping routes. In order to protect the reef costal development must be regulated and minimised and this will have a significant effect on population growth and will economically effect coastal towns. Conservation of the reef does not necessarily mean removing all profitable practices from the reef. Conservation can mean that economic activity may continue but only in a way that is sustainable. Great Barrier Reef conservation will result in decreased growth rate for jobs within mining, fishing, agricultural and tourism sectors. Although growth rates for jobs would have to slow in the long term picture the jobs that are created would be created to last. As population size will continue to grow it must be determined if the conservation of the Great Barrier Reef will be enough to support many coastal and inland communities in north Queensland. The biggest driving force for the support of development of new coal mines and coastal ports in north Queensland is the promise of new jobs for the people living in proximity to the Great Barrier Reef. Measuring the costs and benefits of Great Barrier Reef conservation Benefits of the Great Barrier Reef Benefit Benefit Type Economic Value Type Valuation Method Recreational Benefits Social Benefit Direct Use Both visitors and residents use the Great Barrier Reef for recreational activities. The travel cost method would be used to determine the amount of money that people spent travelling in order to use the reef for recreational activities.    â€Å"About 60 per cent of recreational visitors visit the Reef between one and 10 times in a year, but a small proportion (about 15 per cent) visit the area more than 50 times a year. Recreational use (including recreational fishing) contributed $153 million to the Australian economy in 2006/07. The exact contribution of the non-fishing component is not known.† (Gbrmpa.gov.au, 2017) Economic Sustainability Private Benefit Direct Use By maintaining the health of the Great Barrier Reef it will continue to be an asset and supply jobs to the local area. Economic Sustainability can be valued using the Damage Cost Avoided, Replacement Cost, and Substitute Cost Methods Cultural Benefits Social Benefit Bequest Value Altruist Value Existence Value Icon Value Many Australians take pride in the natural phenomena within the country and are inclined to protect it for the use of future generations. Hedonic pricing would be used to determine the benefit of the reef in terms of cultural and aesthetic value. Health Benefits Social Benefit Direct Use Cleaner air and promotion of recreational activities will have health issues decrease and money will be saved on Medicare. Health Benefits would be measured using the contingent valuation method. Scientific Research Social and Private Benefit Direct Use The Great Barrier Reef can continue to be used for scientific research that may one day supply invaluable research. Fishing industry Private Benefit Direct use The use of the reef for commercial fishing can be valued using the market price method, as fish can be valued within a commercial market. Tourism Industry Social Benefit Direct Use The use of the reef for tourism can be valued using the productivity method or the contingent valuation method as the reef supplies many products and services within the tourism industry. Costs of the Great Barrier Reef Options for quantifying the costs and benefits of Great Barrier Reef conservation It appears that the best way to determine a monetary value of the Great Barrier Reef is the total economic value (TEV) framework. This framework has been used many times by many different organisations and repeatedly appears to have consistent conclusions. Oxford Economics assessed the TEV of the Great Barrier Reef in 2009 and came to the conclusion that it is worth 51.4 billion dollars (Valuing the effects of Great Barrier Reef bleaching, 2017), and in 2017 Deloitte economists determined that the value of the Great Barrier Reef stood at 56 billion dollars (At what price? The economic, social and icon value of the Great Barrier Reef, 2017). The TEV framework effectively encompasses the greatest range of costs, benefits and values out of all other frameworks. When using cost benefit analysis (CBA) the indirect benefits are not considered in the same way that they are with the TEV approach. It was determined in the Deloitte economists report that the second most valuable aspect of the Great Barrier Reef was indirect or non-use value at 23.8 billion dollars, second to only tourism which was determined to be worth a staggering 29 billion dollars. It is clear that the TEV framework is the best system currently within use. Conclusion The final thoughts on the topic of evaluating the value of the Great Barrier Reef, one of the world’s greatest natural resources, is that currently the best and most effective way to put a monetary value on the reef is to use the TEV approach. This resource must preserved and Australia must not allow this resource to become abused and destroyed, it is one of the country’s greatest resources and is such an iconic image that represents Australia as a whole. The value that this brings through non-use value is irreplaceable and is in no way worth destroying for an economic trade off. References Deloitte Access Economics 2013, Economic contribution of the Great Barrier Reef, Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Townsville. Ecosystemvaluation.org. (2017). Market Price Method. [online] Available at: http://www.ecosystemvaluation.org/market_price.htm [Accessed 5 Aug. 2017]. Gbrmpa.gov.au. (2017). Coastal development and protecting the Great Barrier Reef GBRMPA. [online] Available at: http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/managing-the-reef/threats-to-the-reef/coastal-development-and-protecting-the-great-barrier-reef. Gbrmpa.gov.au. (2017). Recreation GBRMPA. [online] Available at: http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/managing-the-reef/how-the-reefs-managed/Managing-multiple-uses/recreation [Accessed 5 Aug. 2017]. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (2017). Ports and Shipping information sheet. pp.1-7. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (2012). Informing the outlook for Great Barrier Reef coastal ecosystems. Townsville: Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, pp.1 18. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (2009). Coastal development. pp.1-2. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (2004). Environmental Impact Management Policy. pp.1-10. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (2014). 2014 Great Barrier Reef Outlook Report. Great Barrier Reef Outlook Report. [online] Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, pp.5-18. Available at: http://www.gbr.qld.gov.au/documents/gbr-outlook-report-2014-full.pdf. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (2009). 2009 Great Barrier Reef Outlook Report. Great Barrier Reef Outlook Report. [online] Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, pp.1-12. Available at: http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/3843/OutlookReport_Full.pdf. Greenpeace. (2017). Boom Goes the Reef. [online] Available at: http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/6607/gbrmpa_EIM_Policy_2010.pdf. McCook, L., Ayling, T., Cappo, M., Choat, J., Evans, R., De Freitas, D., Heupel, M., Hughes, T., Jones, G., Mapstone, B., Marsh, H., Mills, M., Molloy, F., Pitcher, C., Pressey, R., Russ, G., Sutton, S., Sweatman, H., Tobin, R., Wachenfeld, D. and Williamson, D. (2010). Adaptive management of the Great Barrier Reef: A globally significant demonstration of the benefits of networks of marine reserves. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(43), pp.18278-18285. Moore, T. (2017). International concern about LNG industrys impact on Reef. [online] Brisbane Times. Available at: http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/international-concern-about-lng-industrys-impact-on-reef-20111106-1n2fx.html. Queensland Department of Environment and Heritage Protection (2013). Draft report on the economic and social impacts of protecting environmental values in Great Barrier Reef catchment waterways and the reef lagoon. Marsden Jacobs, pp.38-117. Total economic value of the Great Barrier Reef What you need to know. (2017). 1st ed. [ebook] Deloitte Access Economics, pp.4 9. Available at: https://barrierreef.org/uploads/Total%20economic%20value%20of%20the%20Great%20Barrier%20Reef%20-%20Need%20to%20know.pdf [Accessed 9 Aug. 2017]. Valuing the effects of Great Barrier Reef bleaching. (2017). 1st ed. [ebook] Saint Aldates: Oxford Economics, pp.1 80. Available at: https://www.oxfordeconomics.com/Media/Default/economic-impact/sustainability-and-climate-change/gbrfoxford.pdf [Accessed 13 Aug. 2017]. Stoeckl, N., Hicks, C., Mills, M., Fabricius, K., Esparon, M., Kroon, F., Kaur, K. and Costanza, R. (2011). The economic value of ecosystem services in the Great Barrier Reef: our state of knowledge. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1219(1), pp.113-133. At what price? The economic, social and icon value of the Great Barrier Reef. (2017). [online] Deloitte Economics. Available at: https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/au/Documents/Economics/deloitte-au-economics-great-barrier-reef-230617.pdf [Accessed 14 Aug. 2017].