This I Believe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

This I Believe - Essay Example The managers of the organization must cultivate proper understanding of the science of ergonomics. (Placement of proper men at the proper jobs) Efforts for individual perfection will lead to societal prosperity. Ongoing assessment and remedial measure are necessary for an organization to remain at the top and win the appreciation. When it is necessary to change, the organizational culture must change in keeping with the requirements of time, but when it is not necessary to change, it is necessary not to change. For short terms gains, long term vision of the organization must never be sacrificed. Enhance the merits of the culture, without causing damage to the soul of the organization. This I Believe! This I put into practice! Richard S. Gallagher argues, â€Å"In an organizational setting, the meaning of culture extends to the core beliefs, behaviors, and actions behind its daily business life†¦its values are unspoken, but they exert a powerful influence on the behavior of thos e who choose to be part of that organization.†(4) My organization attaches great importance to ethical and socio-spiritual values that are beneficial for the humankind. The communication received on that misty Monday of the winter stunned us. â€Å"Yours is one of the five organizations shortlisted for the grant. Our Senior Vice-President will visit your Head Office this Friday. He will conduct the final interview and ask you four questions. The duration of the interview is ten minutes and any one nominee from the list of your Managing Committee Members will appear for the interview. â€Å"Incredible! The fate of one time grant of $80,000 will be decided within ten minutes! That too on the basis of 4 questions! An urgent meeting of the 8 Managing Committee Members is convened the same evening and discussion on the startling communication begins. We work for the cause reformation and rehabilitation of the visually challenged persons, and education for the slum children. We ar e in this field for the last two decades. Education to the slum children is free; they are also provided books and clothing, mid-day meals, transportation from their residence to school etc. As for the visually challenged, cottage industry units like manufacturing candle, biscuits etc. have been established and they are given salary as per the government norms. The profits earned are ploughed back to create more employment opportunities for the visually challenged. Not one of the 200 persons doing service on the administrative side, and the teaching staff are compensated monetarily. All of them work on honorary basis, with a mission and not for commission! After prolonged discussion, the onus of facing the interview falls to my lot. I begin preparations for the interview with right earnest and study the past history of the organization from the day of its inception when it is managed by just 4 volunteers. I go through the balance sheets, year-wise achievements, the salient features of the present structures, etc. I do an extensive study of the problems of the visually challenged, their international significance, role of the United Nations Agencies, statistics related to important countries, outstanding achievements of some of the visually challenged, the issues related to slum children etc. My level of preparations in those four days is that of a candidate appearing for the highest Civil Service Examination! My organization must get this grant! How will I face the other Managing Committee Members if we fail to get this grant! †¦..and Friday arrives! Sharp at 9.45 a.m. Mr. James Patterson, the Vice-President of Charity Select Organization arrives with his Secretary. We escort him to the Conference Room of the two-story structure, which is our Head Office. I welcome him with a

See the order instructions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

See the order instructions - Essay Example The overall gothic theme as presented in the movie is about a women Emily who receives a great deal of fortune as her father dies. Emily did not have the right to select the husband for herself because she was wealthy and needed to marry someone who is worth it. As a result, she murders the man she loved and ultimately presents a gothic element (Danticat). Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been by Joyce Carol Oates is binded by the suspence through myster as a gothic element. This is prevalent throughout the story leaving the readers as astonished. Finally, New York Day Woman? by Edwidge Danticat is amazingly written gothic story which is not just limited to suspense and mystery but it includes horrific species through realism as a pattern (Danticat). The common factors among all these three chosen texts for the paper were the degree of intensity of mystery, suspense and growth of the character as a complex one. The elements have rather been chosen to help the readers to enjoy the gothic genre of

Factors in Biochemical Toxicology

Factors in Biochemical Toxicology Tambudzai Phiri Ndashe Maha Farid In the lecture we discussed several responses of the lung to acute injuries. List these responses and discuss one of these responses providing an example of a toxin or a chemical that induces such response in the lung. (5 points) The lung is particularly vulnerable to toxicity because it gets exposed to foreign compounds both in the external environment and internally through the bloodstream. Acute responses of the lung to injury occur in order to protect the lung from further damage. These responses include the following: Irritation following exposure to volatile gases such as ammonia and chlorine may cause bronchitis and changes in permeability. Exposure to gases or irritants may also lead to damage of the epithelial lining of the entire respiratory tract. Irritation of nerve endings in the respiratory epithelium may occur following exposure to gases or irritants to protect from further exposure. Xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes such as Glutathione S-transferase in the lung tissue also play a role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary toxic response. Oxidative burden following exposure to gases such as ozone, nitrogen dioxide or tobacco smoke. Airway reactivity and bronchoconstriction may occur on exposure to nitric oxides, cholinergic drugs, histamine and tobacco smoke. Pulmonary edema may occur as result of high concentrations of acrolein, hydrogen chloride, nitrogen dioxide, ammonia or phosgene. Pulmonary edema Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in the lung, which collects in the alveoli; it leads to impaired gas exchange and may cause respiratory failure (Medical News Today, 2014). Exposure to ammonia, a volatile and water soluble gas, has been associated with pulmonary edema. The ammonia gets absorbed into the aqueous secretions of the upper airways of the respiratory system, it reacts with the water in aqueous secretions to from ammonium hydroxide, an alkaline and corrosive solution. Though ammonia may not cause permanent damage it leads to impaired permeability and the accumulation of fluid which obstructs the upper airway and collects in the air sacs. This may lead to low blood oxygen content and altered mental status (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). The dissolving of the ammonia into aqueous solutions on mucous membranes may also result in corrosive injury to the mucus membranes. High concentrations of acrolein, a common component of smoke, can also cause p ulmonary edema following smoke inhalation. Paraquat, is a widely used herbicide that specifically exerts its toxic effect on the lung tissue. Discuss the mechanism of toxicity of paraquat explaining the specificity of lung toxicity induced by this compound. (5 points) Paraquat has been implicated in number of both accidental and intentional cases of poisoning. It causes dose-dependent toxic effects following oral ingestion; and, absorption of a toxic dose usually results in abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea. In addition to the lung, other target organs include mainly the kidneys, but may also cause cardiac and liver toxicity if one if exposed to large doses. Mechanism of paraquat toxicity on the lung Paraquat is selectively taken up into type I and II alveolar epithelial cells by active transport, as a result it reaches a higher concentration than in most other tissue. It causes severe lung injury and fibrosis. The mechanism of toxicity involves the initial reaction of paraquat with an electron donor such as NADPH; paraquat accepts the electron to form a stable radical cation (Figure 1); if this occurs under aerobic conditions, this electron is transferred too oxygen giving rise to superoxide; this process gets repeated over and over in the lungs due to the ready supply of oxygen, resulting in the formation of a redox cycle. The formation of the redox cycle is believed to be responsible for the toxicity by causing the following effects: the formation of large amounts of superoxide may overwhelm the neutralizing effects of superoxide dismutase, allowing the superoxide to accumulate, causing a variety of toxic effects such as the peroxidation of lipids leading to the formation of l ipid radicals that may cause membrane damage (Figure 2); and, the depletion of NADPH due to the formation of active oxygen species may compromise the alveolar cells, reducing their ability to carry out their functions. Figure 1: paraquat reduction-oxidation. Figure 2: the proposed mechanism of paraquat toxicity. Figure 1: adapted from http://www.inchem.org/documents/jmpr/jmpmono/v086pr05.gif Figure 2: adapted from http://totalpict.com/imagesb/1818/1818064104502cc34b8ffb7.gif References Timbrell, J.A. (2009). Principles of Biochemical Toxicology, 4th Edition. CRC Press. Pages 204- 205; and, 337-339. Medical News Today (2014, September 15). What is pulmonary edema? What causes pulmonary edema?  Retrieved from: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/167533.php The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2014). Medical Management Guidelines for Ammonia. Retrieved from: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/MMG/MMG.asp?id=7tid=2 Maha Farid Discuss the patterns of neurotoxicity and provide one example of a toxin producing each pattern. Examples from the assigned textbooks are recommended. (6 points) The nervous system is a highly complex network of specialized cells and damage to this system may have permanent and serious effects because there is very low capacity to regenerate and little reserve functional capacity. The following are the patterns of neurotoxicity: Neuronopathy: this is the result of the destruction of the peripheral nervous system, or simply put, death of the entire neuron. The drug contaminant 1-mehtyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) causes specific damage to the substantia nigra area of the brain (Timbrell, 2009). It is highly lipophilic and readily enters the brain where it is readily metabolized to a toxic metabolite that is taken up by dopamine neurons. Methyl mercury also causes Neuronopathy. Axonopathy: this is the degeneration of the axon. Carbon disulfide exposure is a good example of a neurotoxin. Exposure to this solvent usually occurs in industry and causes neuronal damage in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The mechanism is believed to involve the chelation of metal ions essential for enzyme activity by the oxothiazolidine and dithiocarbamate metabolites of carbon disulfide, which result from reaction with glycine and glutathione (GSH) (Timbrell, 2009). Myelinopathy: this is a general term used to describe damage to or disorder of the myelin of peripheral nerve fibers, the myelin sheath or the white matter of the brain, in contrast to that affecting the axons (Axonopathy). A number of substances cause Myelinopathy in both the Schwann cells and the Oligodendrocytes. Lead is a good example of a neurotoxin that causes Myelinopathy, especially in children. Transmission toxicity: this is the disruption of neurotransmission. Organophosphorus pesticides such as malathion, which is used in the treatment of head lice in humans, and parathion, are good examples of neurotoxins that cause transmission toxicity. Exposure is usually accidental, suicidal or associated with homicide; and occurs via the gastrointestinal tract, the skin and the lungs. They are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and acute toxicity manifests via the overstimulation of the muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Nicotinic signs and symptoms result from the accumulation of acetylcholine at motor nerve endings in skeletal muscles and automated ganglia. This results in fatigue, involuntary twitching and even muscle weakness which may affect muscles of respiration. Death may occur from respiratory distress partly due to neuromuscular paralysis, central depression and even bronchoconstriction (Timbrell, 2009). Discuss the vulnerability of the nervous system to toxicity. (4 points) There are multiple characteristics of the nervous system that make it vulnerable to toxicity; in fact the nervous system is highly susceptible to changes in its environment. The characteristics of the nervous system that make it vulnerable to toxicity include the following: Neurons can have very long axons, making them more vulnerable to toxicity. The nervous system is also highly dependent on glucose, which is the sole source of energy to the central nervous system. This high dependence on glucose is demonstrated through fatal irreparable damage to the nervous system, even in brief obstruction of blood flow to the central nervous system. Energy shortage to the nervous system can lead to glutamate leakage which can cause severe brain injury. The long axons and large cell volume in the nervous system require high metabolic activity due to the electrical transmission of action potential and chemical transmission in the nervous system. Proper axonal transport is very essential for normal brain function. There are multiple fast and slow, anterograde and retrograde transport systems that exist in the nervous system, which complicate the process and add to the sensitivity of this area. Reference Timbrell, J.A. (2009). Principles of Biochemical Toxicology, 4th Edition. CRC Press. Pages 206; and, 339-346.

Essay --

CHAPTER NO 5 Adjustments & maintenance 5.1 Capillary Tube 5.2 Priming 5.3 Pressure Gauge Fitting 5.4 Relief Valve 5.5 Pressure Adjustment 5.6 PD Pump System Flow Diagram 5.7 External Relief Valve Adjustment 5.8 Internal Relief Valve Adjustment 5.9 Motor Lubrication 5.1 Capillary Tube:- A capillary tube is a narrow, long tube of constant diameter. In refrigeration application of capillary tube, the surface tension is not important. Tube length limit from 1.0 m to 6 m and the diameters of refrigerant capillary tubes limit from 0.5 mm to 3 mm. Due to the following two factors the pressure reduction in a capillary tube occurs: The frictional resistance offered by tube walls refrigerant has to overcome. Than that of the liquid the density of vapor is less. As it flows in the tube the average density of refrigerant decreases. The increase in acceleration or velocity of the refrigerant requires pressure drop. 5.2 Priming:- Liquid pumps can lose prime and to get the pump started this will require the pump to be primed by adding liquid to the pump and inlet pipes. Loss of "prime" ...

Investing and Financing Activities of Wendy’s

During the year of 2012, cash used for investing activities of Wendy’s totaled $189 million, increased $131 million from 2011. The two largest investing activities appeared in Wendy’s statement of cash flow are capital expenditures and acquisitions. Cash capital expenditures of Wendy’s in 2012 totaling $197. 6 million, including $71. 9 million for reimaged and new Image Activation restaurants, $13. 5 million for new restaurants, $28. 0 million for point-of-sale equipment, $23. 2 million for the construction of a new building at its corporate headquarters and $61. million for various capital projects. In the middle of 2012, Wendy’s acquired 54 franchised restaurants. The purchase price was $38. 1 million in cash. Wendy’s also agreed to lease the real estate, buildings and improvements related to some of the acquired restaurants which were considered part of the purchase transaction. Wendy’s did not incur any material acquisition-related costs. Some other important investing activities involved the investment in limited partnerships of indirect 18. 5% interest in Arby’s Restaurant Group, Inc. and approximately 11% cost method investment in Jurlique International Pty Ltd. On February 2, 2012, Wendy’s completed the sale of its investment in Jurlique and received proceeds of $27. 4 million. Wendy’s did this because prior to 2009, Wendy’s had determined that all of its remaining $8. 5 million investment in Jurlique was impaired. Wendy’s realized that Jurlique cannot help them make profit and decided to sell all of investment in Jurlique to protect stockholders equity. In the meantime, Wendy’s can use this money to strength their capital expenditures.The increase in cash used for investing activities is mainly because of the sale of Arby’s in 2011. Wendy’s sold Arby’s for $130. 0 million in cash and indirectly retained an 18. 5% interest in Arby’s and during 2012, Wendy’s received a $4. 6 million dividend from the investment in Arby’s. Wendy’s decided to sell Arby’s because Arby’s has been a weaker performer than Wendy’s in recent years after Wendy’s and Arby’s were merged in 2008. We deem it wise to sell Aryb’s because Wendy’s no longer need to worry about the poor performance of Arby’s but can earn the dividend.On the other hand, cash used for investing activities of McDonald’s totaled $3. 2 billion in 2012, increased $596 million. The increase primarily reflected higher capital expenditures and lower proceeds from sales of restaurant businesses. During the year of 2012, the two largest investing activities appeared in the statement of cash flow of McDonald’s are capital expenditures and sales of restaurant business and property. The two most important financing activities for Wendy’s are the proceeds from long-term debt and the repaymen ts of long-term debt.On May 15, 2012, Wendy’s entered into a Credit Agreement including a senior secured term loan facility of $1,125. 0 million, of which net proceeds was $1,113. 8 million with draws on May 15, 2012 and July 16, 2012. Proceeds from the 2012 Term Loan were used to repay the outstanding amounts under the 2010 Term Loan of $467. 8 million, to redeem and purchase the outstanding Senior Notes of $565. 0 million and to pay substantially all of the Credit Agreement fees and expenses. The outflow of 2012 Term Loan constituted the second largest financing activity, the repayments of long-term debt.In these two activities, we can find out that Wendy uses almost 85% of the 2012 loan to reimburse its previous debt, which shows us that the company does not have enough debt-paying ability. A good company who has the ability to make profit to repay previous debt and make another investing is what all stockholders want to see, not using new loan to redeem old loan. In concl usion, we do not agree Wendy’s using these financing activities. They should improve their operation activities to increase profit.

Critical Period and Language Acquisition Essay

Part of the reason why Genie’s case fascinated psychologists and linguists so deeply was that it presented a unique opportunity to study a hotly contested debate about language development. Nativists believe that the capacity for language is innate, while empiricists suggest that it is environmental variables that play a key role. Essentially, it boils down to the age-old nature versus nurture debate. Do genetics or environment play a greater role in the development of language? Nativist Noam Chomsky suggested that the acquisition of language could not be fully explained by learning alone. Instead, he proposed that children are born with a language acquisition device (LAD), an innate ability to understand the principles of language. Once exposed to language, the LAD allows children to learn the language at a remarkable pace. Linguist Eric Lenneberg suggests that like many other human behaviors, the ability to acquire language is subject to what are known as critical periods. A critical period is a limited span of time during which an organism is sensitive to external stimuli and capable of acquiring certain skills. According to Lenneberg, the critical period for language acquisition lasts until around age 12. After the onset of puberty, he argued, the organization of the brain becomes set and no longer able to learn and utilize language in a fully functional manner. Genie’s case presented researchers with a unique opportunity. If given an enriched learning environment, could she overcome her deprived childhood and learn language even though she had missed the critical period? If she could, it would suggest that the critical period hypothesis of language development was wrong. If she could not, it would indicate that Lenneberg’s theory was correct. Genie’s Language Progress Despite scoring at the level of a one-year-old upon her initial assessment, Genie quickly began adding new words to her vocabulary. She started by learning single words and eventually began putting two words together much the way young children do. Curtiss began to feel that Genie would be fully capable of acquiring language. After a year of treatment, she even started putting three words together occasionally. In children going through normal language development, this stage is followed by what is known as a language explosion. Children rapidly acquire new words and begin putting them together in novel ways. Unfortunately, this never happened for Genie. Her language abilities remained stuck at this stage and she appeared unable to apply grammatical rules and use language in a meaningful way. At this point, her progress leveled off and her acquisition of new language halted. While Genie was able to learn some language after puberty, her inability to use grammar (which Chomsky suggests is what separates human language from animal communication) offers evidence for the critical period hypothesis. Of course, Genie’s case is not so simple. Not only did she miss the critical period for learning language, she was also horrifically abused. She was malnourished and deprived of cognitive stimulation for most of her childhood. Researchers were also never able to fully determine if Genie suffered from pre-existing cognitive deficits. As an infant, a pediatrician had identified her as having some type of mental delay. So researchers were left to wonder whether Genie had suffered from cognitive deficits caused by her years of abuse or if she had been born with some degree of mental retardation.

Decision Regarding a Proposed Audit

Decision Regarding a Proposed Audit Decision Regarding a Proposed Audit I will not allow the proposal that our company contracts the brother of one of our partners as our firms auditor. In the contemporary business partnership environment, many irregularities are bound to occur with regard to financial profits disclosure. Hence, to prevent such incidents it would be important to uphold competent ethical perspectives. Auditors have been found to be capable of being exposed to potential threats on account of their independence when initiating an audit engagement (Houghton Campbell 226). In this case, the brotherly relationship of the auditor to one of our partners puts the whole exercise in jeopardy, since this auditor is capable of manipulating the results towards his favor. Moreover, a chartered accountant in practice shall be deemed guilty of professional misconduct under the Chartered Accountants Act, 1949, if he expresses his opinion on the financial statements of any enterprise in which he, his firm or a partner in his firm or any of his relatives h as a substantial interest (Gupta 480). I would recommend that in order to perform a proficient audit or financial assessment of the company, it would be critical to contract a competent and independent auditor. In this case, in as much as the suggestion shows competency, we are not sure of the credibility with regard to independence. This suggests that it will be important to perform an independence test before signing agreement to an auditing contract with a chosen auditor. According to the proposed CLERP 9 Bill, if the circumstances existThat: (a) impair, or might impair, the ability of the auditor, or professional member of the audit team, to exercise objective and impartial judgment in relation to conduct of an auditwould give a person with full knowledge of the facts and circumstances, reasonable grounds for concern (Houghton Campbell 229). Hence, by performing an independence test we will be able to establish any affiliations that can affect credibility on account of ethical standards.

15 Tips to become more creative

15 Tips to become more creative Nowadays, if you are not at least a bit creative, soon a automatic robot will be doing all your job. But discovering those imaginative flourishes or inventive solutions isn’t all that simple. Sometimes that muse just won’t discuss. This is not an inspirational list designed to convince you that you’re a unique and creative snowflake. Somewhat, this is for when you’re trapped in a creative bind and need a little extra oomph to make assembling your project work. So here are 15 tricks to help get those creative juices juicing again. Get those endorphins streaming. Exercise is stress-reliever and a creative trigger, and mindless repetition is the secret to allowing your creative head wander. And remember, no subject how much you loath this job, great deal of thought is still better than stumbling your way through a home treadmill workout wishing you might have a cheeseburger. It helps to get some perspective. Take a Bathtub After all that exercise wanting to force imagination, you’re still sweating desperation. At this time you reek of it. Okay, maybe not, however the shower is a great destination to drown out the world and relax your mind enough to let it wander. And a brain with wanderlust is the fertilizer for new ideas. Sleep on It This is why you always do better on tests when you fell asleep together with the book somewhat than cramming right before the test. Your mind requires rest, and the rest actually helps you organize your thoughts and shakes new things free. It provides you with ways to check out old problems in a fresh way. Be Curious What job are you working on? Could it be for a client, or around a certain subject? Do some research. Allow yourself to get lost in your issue and find something that’s interesting for you, even whether it’s abstract. Be curious about it. A lot more intimately you connect with your subject, the more creative you will be when trying to work with it. Listen to Music Listening to music-just listening to music-helps your brain relax. It’s also evocative of images and feelings. You know, those things you are trying to speak to to make assembling your project more creative? Those. Ideas result from a complex mixture of problems, thoughts, and experiences. Allow music move over you, and pick it. Yeah, man. Groovy. Pick a Shade or Theme Sometimes creative imagination gets bogged down in the facts and the specifics. Don’t slip-up the forest for the trees, here. Online backup, take a breath, and ask yourself, â€Å"Self, what is the overall theme, concept or tone?† Insurance agencies a major picture to show up back on, you may find You’ve exposed new creative strategies. Go through the Pretty Colors Sometimes just selecting colors that would work together can give you a whole new point of view on your creative task. Maybe you hadn’t seen things in this light before. Who recognizes. Try different color mixtures or play around with the Adobe Kuler to see if you spark any new ideas. You can even check out some art or even just browse the web for things such as Deviant Art. Try informing a story about an interesting picture You’ve seen. Have no idea the storyplot? Make it up. That’s one half the fun. Clean Something Mindless tasks are great for idea era, and firm is often comforting. Besides, you do not want to clean while you’re in the throes of an creative epiphany, can you? Best get it done now. Go for a Drive. Traveling around and listening to music (or listening to silence) is a superb way to clear the mind. It’s also a little hypnotic, and this hypnosis helps you wiggle creative problems around in your mind just like a loose tooth you are wiggling with your tongue. Eventually something’s heading to break. Just don’t discuss on the telephone while driving a vehicle. It’s distracting. To other motorists. Get Mad. You know all those things you really want to inform that awful client? You know those times when you want to say â€Å"really fellas, this is the truth that you don’t want to listen to†, or write a searing email to your boss? Write them down. Let it out. Most of us have created mental blocks to saying just what we mean because, well, we don’t want people to think we’re psychopaths. Period of time those obstacles and say precisely what you suggest. It’ll feel great, and often you’ll discover (someplace) a new way to approach your problem. Simply by being honest. Spend Some Time Alone Whether you’re walking in the woods or standing on the roof of any skyscraper, only time is creativity’s favorite place to develop. I’m sure which mental or neurological reason for this, but I don’t know what it is. I just know that other folks and electronic gizmos aren’t only distracting, they actually cause anxiety. Turn your cellphone off. Kill the news headlines channel. Mentally move away from it all. It’s actually pretty well accepted that individuals who spend more time by themselves thinking tend to be creative (and, actually, more emotionally fit). Show Someone What you’re Doing I don’t indicate step-by-step, however the process of articulating your creative problem to some other person is incredibly helpful when searching for new methods to an old problem. This is particularly helpful if you are trying to clarify things to a kid (or a dumb good friend), because you have to come up with a much more accessible way to articulate your idea. Pull or Build Something Actually, doing anything repeated that requires extreme concentration would work. The trick here is to let your brain go numb. It’s actually related in some ways to self-hypnosis. It allows your mind wander. Plus the theme of the post is to let your mind wander. Doing something repeated or mindless is often nice since it allows you to start out speaking with yourself with your â€Å"mind tone†. Just don’t answer the tone out loud, and you’re good.

Wind energy in Washington Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Wind energy in Washington - Essay Example This brief one page paper will seek to consider both the positive and negative aspects of wind turbine arrays and the means by which the communities that house them integrate with their presence. As has previously been noted, the rate of growth and expansion of renewable energy has skyrocketed within the last few years. As such, the prevalence and use of wind power in various populated regions around the United States has also increased. Although these alternative sources of energy account for less than 1% of current energy needs within the United States, they are nonetheless visible and provide a stark contrast to the otherwise unmolested natural environment that oftentimes existed prior to their installation. Although many environmentalists are happy to have such wind farms in operation, there is a strong level of pushback that exists with regards to the adulteration of key environment as well as a definite contingent of individuals that view such wind farms as something of an eyesore. Conversely, other environmentalists view alternative energy as a necessary means of preserving the planet and are willing to relinquish some aesthetic beauty for progress (Henderson 1). Although both sides have a valid concern, it is the belief of this author that the environmentalist seeking to promote the use of alternative energy are the ones that have the stronger point; both morally and logically speaking. Due to the fact that renewable energy provides nearly resource neutral power production, it should be in the best interests of all involved to increase the means of production for this particular type of energy, on mountaintops or in fields in prairies etc. Henderson, John. "The Big Debate | Puget Sound Off." Puget Sound Off | empower, encourage SOUNDING OFF in your community. N.p., 25  Oct.  2012. Web. 11  Feb.  2013.

Discuss victimization of Children that are exposed to domestic Essay

Discuss victimization of Children that are exposed to domestic violence and the long term impact - Essay Example Individuals who are directly targeted in domestic violence are not only suffering its adverse effects; others, especially children, are even experiencing the negative effects of this sort of violent behavior. Children are being exposed to this sort of violence in their everyday life in different forms; exposure might be in form of hearing, seeing, experiencing and being informed about such assaults. According to the US Census Bureau, during 2001 a total of 15.5 million children were living in households where domestic violence was taking place (McDonald, 2007). Children who are violated in cases of domestic violence are not only the ones being negatively impacted; even children who live in households where domestically violent activities are taking place are being negatively impacted. The degree of impact may vary according to factors such as age, sex, frequency, and whether the child has been directly abused or has experienced indirect abuse. The negative effects domestic violence on children are said to be short as well as long term in nature. Short term negative effects associated with domestic violence include: increase in anxiousness, depressing state of mind, and depreciated level of performance in academic life and self-esteem. The long-term negative effects associated with domestic violence are those concerning the way domestically violated children exhibit as they grow up. College going students that have been violated indirectly reported the various issues stated in the short term negative effects of this kind of violence as compared to those college students that do not experience intimate partner violence (Stark, 2009). Studies even report that individuals who have been abused sexually and emotionally in childhood have even reported the same kinds of abuse in their adulthood (Stark, 2009). The social learning theory states that if children observe

Campbell,mare,and walker study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Campbell,mare,and walker study - Essay Example They feel that more research is needed on the subject. The industrial and internet revolution is continuously creating profound changes in the ethnic areas. There is nothing is fixed about it. The processes of changes, the making and unmaking are ongoing processes.. Ethnic issue needs to be viewed from two contexts. The personal aspect as applicable to the day to day lives as well as the ethnic context exploitation by the politicians, for their vote-bank politics. Campbell etc. found that a strong sense of Zulu as for the personal lives prevailed. The crisis of identify is found in every community on account of rapidity of social change and Zulu community is no exception, the authors point out. The younger generation, especially moves with the social changes, adopts and amenable to modification on account of university education, migration to the cities, inter-community marriages, and several such factors. Fundamental changes are seen in the traditional society. Old family values are rapidly disintegrating. The transition from the joint families to nuclear family also has deep impact on the overall structure of the Zulu ethnic community. The area of survey/research has been cleverly selected by Campbell etc. The majority of the people were adult workers who lived in the outskirts of Durban, twelve men and twelve women, between the age group of twenty and late fifty. They were unskilled or semi-skilled workers. The authors specifically targeted them as they would have been exposed to a wide range of experiences, during their interaction with other workers, involvement in trade union issues, marriage, and education of children—that is to say, they would have been tested on the ethnic identity from every angle. Their education level varied considerably, there was a B.A. Degree holder on the one end, some of them had not entered the portal beyond that of a primary school! Most of them had incomplete

War on Terrorism and Civil Liberties of US Citizens Essay

War on Terrorism and Civil Liberties of US Citizens - Essay Example Issues touching on the security of United States would always influence the lifestyle of the American people. The constitution of America entrenches human liberty that the American people ought to enjoy. Terror attack does not provide an opportunity for the Americans to enjoy the civil liberty, but create an environment that promote crime. The question on how to balance national security during wartime and human liberty is nagging. Former United States president was quoted saying that he believed in upholding the constitution and the laws of United States of America. He went a head to remind the public that United States was facing attack from good for nothing terrorist who wanted United States to crumple. It is an intricate issue since it involves the government machineries in establishing the cause and possible attacks that the United States of America may be facing. The government decision to handle matters of national security would not go without criticism, but the essence of wa r on terrorism would remain as a pressing issue to the Americans. This paper explores war on terrorism and civil liberties. The paper seeks to link the Oklahoma and 9/11 bombing to security threats in United States. Terrorism refers to a deliberate act of which instill terror or fear among the community in a bid to coerce the community to act in a designated manner. The intention behind terrorism attack is to coerce the government or the society to enact or adopt certain policies in the society. Largely terrorism activities in United States have had devastating effects to innocent citizens. Some people lost their relatives, property, psychological effects among others. Tracing terrorism activities in United States would lead to along list of events that the government security agencies have thwarted before affecting the society and events that have penetrated to affect the community. Research on terrorism indicates that planned terrorism attacks in United States of America involve g angs and people who seem to criticize the government (Kazin 82). Sometimes standoff between the security agents and the groups in the society would culminate into ugly incidences of terror. Report from the Federal Security agency indicates that Davidian cult was responsible for the 19th April 1993 explosion in Oklahoma claiming about 75 followers of the cult among other people. Many US citizens blamed the security agents for failing to protect the society against the explosion. The Davidian cult existed with a full knowledge of the federal security team. The standoff between the Davidian Cult members in Waco compound and the FBI was seen a failure of the security agents to stump out criminal gangs by some people. The anger felt by some people over the Waco building explosion led to the Oklahoma Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building bombing. Timothy McVeigh believed that the FBI was able to contain normalcy before the explosion (Cassel 44). He decided to make a plot that led to the bombi ng of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal building. McVeigh avenged the death of children and people who died in the Waco building by instigating a bomb attack which claimed more 168 lives. The mission of McVeigh was to let the responsible persons pay for their evils in the society. He believed that the FBI had been the chief reason behind the explosion. He conspired with Nichols and Michael Fortier to bomb the Murrah Building. The revenge mission of McVeigh drew criticism to the US government and the security system that the country embraced.

Barco Projections Systems Strategic Marketing Essay

Barco Projections Systems Strategic Marketing - Essay Example Naturally, as one progressed from the lowest resolution to the highest, the price increased significantly. BPS had chosen to focus on the top-of-the-line markets where its commitment to R&D would give it a major competitive edge. Sony shocked the management of BPS, as well as the rest of the industry, in 1989 when it unveiled its newest projector at the Siggraph trade show in Boston. By introducing a product that was both technologically superior as well as less expensive than the current units available, Sony demonstrated that its expectations of future market demand was different from everyone else. What the industry saw at that trade show was a projector which offered superior performance at a price not previously available. (2002: 10) Sony had obviously decided that the graphics segment of the market held the most potential for profitability and the least direct competition. BPS anticipated increased competition in the data segment of the market. ... Accordingly, BPS was positioning itself to introduce a competitive new projector targeted to that same market in 1989. Its plans for delivering a better graphics-compatible product were scheduled for the latter part of 1990 because the expectation was that Sony would be focusing on the data segment, not graphics. (2002: 10, 12) In this expectancy, unfortunately, they were sadly mistaken. Sony had clearly decided that the high-end graphics market segment was ripe for exploitation. The reason for this is likely due to Sony's perception that it could successfully drive the industry using its strong manufacturing base. In broadening the market by offering superior technology at lower prices, Sony would be forcing the other manufacturers into a price war. This was a battle that BPS could not afford to fight. (2002: 12) Further, if Sony could catch its competition off guard, no one would be able to respond with a competitive product before Sony had seized a sizeable advantage in terms of market share and brand recognition. Sony rejected the BPS vision of the market because Sony saw an opportunity in the high end of the major market segments and moved to get there before anyone else. The threat of the Sony 1270 There is no doubt that Sony's new projector was a major threat to the other manufacturers. Within any market, it is vital that a producer provide a superior product. When that product can deliver higher performance at a lower price, it is well on its way to capturing market share. If the manufacturer can then provide sustained delivery to pre-release orders and post-release customers alike, they should rightfully expect to see the positive impact on their bottom line. From BPS' perspective, imagine

Campbell,mare,and walker study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Campbell,mare,and walker study - Essay Example They feel that more research is needed on the subject. The industrial and internet revolution is continuously creating profound changes in the ethnic areas. There is nothing is fixed about it. The processes of changes, the making and unmaking are ongoing processes.. Ethnic issue needs to be viewed from two contexts. The personal aspect as applicable to the day to day lives as well as the ethnic context exploitation by the politicians, for their vote-bank politics. Campbell etc. found that a strong sense of Zulu as for the personal lives prevailed. The crisis of identify is found in every community on account of rapidity of social change and Zulu community is no exception, the authors point out. The younger generation, especially moves with the social changes, adopts and amenable to modification on account of university education, migration to the cities, inter-community marriages, and several such factors. Fundamental changes are seen in the traditional society. Old family values are rapidly disintegrating. The transition from the joint families to nuclear family also has deep impact on the overall structure of the Zulu ethnic community. The area of survey/research has been cleverly selected by Campbell etc. The majority of the people were adult workers who lived in the outskirts of Durban, twelve men and twelve women, between the age group of twenty and late fifty. They were unskilled or semi-skilled workers. The authors specifically targeted them as they would have been exposed to a wide range of experiences, during their interaction with other workers, involvement in trade union issues, marriage, and education of children—that is to say, they would have been tested on the ethnic identity from every angle. Their education level varied considerably, there was a B.A. Degree holder on the one end, some of them had not entered the portal beyond that of a primary school! Most of them had incomplete

Barco Projections Systems Strategic Marketing Essay

Barco Projections Systems Strategic Marketing - Essay Example Naturally, as one progressed from the lowest resolution to the highest, the price increased significantly. BPS had chosen to focus on the top-of-the-line markets where its commitment to R&D would give it a major competitive edge. Sony shocked the management of BPS, as well as the rest of the industry, in 1989 when it unveiled its newest projector at the Siggraph trade show in Boston. By introducing a product that was both technologically superior as well as less expensive than the current units available, Sony demonstrated that its expectations of future market demand was different from everyone else. What the industry saw at that trade show was a projector which offered superior performance at a price not previously available. (2002: 10) Sony had obviously decided that the graphics segment of the market held the most potential for profitability and the least direct competition. BPS anticipated increased competition in the data segment of the market. ... Accordingly, BPS was positioning itself to introduce a competitive new projector targeted to that same market in 1989. Its plans for delivering a better graphics-compatible product were scheduled for the latter part of 1990 because the expectation was that Sony would be focusing on the data segment, not graphics. (2002: 10, 12) In this expectancy, unfortunately, they were sadly mistaken. Sony had clearly decided that the high-end graphics market segment was ripe for exploitation. The reason for this is likely due to Sony's perception that it could successfully drive the industry using its strong manufacturing base. In broadening the market by offering superior technology at lower prices, Sony would be forcing the other manufacturers into a price war. This was a battle that BPS could not afford to fight. (2002: 12) Further, if Sony could catch its competition off guard, no one would be able to respond with a competitive product before Sony had seized a sizeable advantage in terms of market share and brand recognition. Sony rejected the BPS vision of the market because Sony saw an opportunity in the high end of the major market segments and moved to get there before anyone else. The threat of the Sony 1270 There is no doubt that Sony's new projector was a major threat to the other manufacturers. Within any market, it is vital that a producer provide a superior product. When that product can deliver higher performance at a lower price, it is well on its way to capturing market share. If the manufacturer can then provide sustained delivery to pre-release orders and post-release customers alike, they should rightfully expect to see the positive impact on their bottom line. From BPS' perspective, imagine

Charles Beard Essay Example for Free

Charles Beard Essay Charles Beard’s book, An Economic Interpretation of the U.S. Constitution, was published in 1913 and soon became one of the most controversial literary works of its time. Beard’s main thesis in this book is essentially that the Founding Fathers chose the specific format of the Constitution of the United States to protect their personal financial interests. Beard then goes on to argue that the Constitution was written by an â€Å"elite† attempting to safeguard their own assets and financial status. Beard was expanding on Carl L. Becker’s thesis of class conflict. In the eyes of Beard, the Constitution was created by the Founding Fathers as a â€Å"counter revolution† that ran against the wishes of farmers and laborers. Beard’s theory and his publication of this book were so controversial because it seemed to demean the Constitution and everything it stood for, which angered politicians and most of the legal community, at least those who didn’t ignore it completely. However, many historians and history professors seemed to recognize it and accept it. Many people were angered by Beard’s theory because, since it disparaged the Constitution and Founding Fathers, it seemed to put down almost everything our country stands for. Taking a sacred piece of history that started our nation and trampling on it by saying that it was nothing more than rich men trying to save their bank accounts and put down the common man is bound to upset more than just a few people. One of Beard’s main critics of the 20th century is a man named Forrest McDonald. McDonald uses his study of the voting habits and financial and economic concerns of the delegates at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia to prove that their motives were not financial-based. He asserts that the majority of the delegates who had public securities were Antifederalists. He concludes his study by saying, â€Å"Anyone wishing to rewrite the history of those proceedings largely or exclusively in terms of the economic interests represented there would find the facts to be insurmountable obstacles†. What McDonald means by this is that Beard, who was attempting to â€Å"rewrite the history† of the proceedings of the Constitutional Convention, was doing so without any actual evidence and therefore had an empty argument. I believe that Beard’s thesis, although an interesting notion, was not necessarily a valid argument and did nothing except anger most people in the political community. Even though many people in the late 20th century accepted his thesis, I disagree with it. My reasoning for this is that, although the Founding Fathers were economically prosperous, I believe that their status made them the only ones that could be able to write the Constitution and who were in a position to make the most crucial moves in establishing the United States. I do not believe that the Founding Fathers created the Constitution simply protect their financial status, I believe their status was the reason they could write the Constitution.

The Use Of Ergonomics Health And Social Care Essay

The Use Of Ergonomics Health And Social Care Essay The practice of safety in workplace has seen incredible advances as time has gone, due to advancement in technology, although there is still considerable amount of challenges that comes in form of injuries and illnesses (Hopwood and Thompson, 2006). This is where ergonomics comes to play a role in making the workplace safe for activities that would be carried out by the employee. Ergonomics draws on many disciplines in its study of humans and their environments, including anthropometry, biomechanics, mechanical engineering, industrial engineering, industrial design, kinesiology, physiology and psychology (Wikipedia, 2010). Unsafe, unhealthy, uncomfortable or inefficient situations at work or in everyday life are avoided by taking account of the physical and physiological capabilities and limitations of humans (Dul and Weerdmeester, 1993). Human health and safety is at optimum range when the workplace environmental parameters are suitable for the employee (Story, 2010). Each year, poorly designed products and workplaces account for thousands of injuries and skyrocketing costs. That is why ergonomics the human factor in product and workplace design is fast becoming a major concern of manufacturers (Gross, 1995). This report is about how is about applying and proper training on the use of ergonomics to everyday workplace can prevent life threatening illnesses, discomfort, accidents, and how employers can save money by reducing costs related to issues like workers compensation, absenteeism and turn over, as it makes operations more efficient by creating work place designs with fewer errors and improve on workplace user friendliness (MacLeod, 1995), with the goal of reducing musculoskeletal discomfort, increase work productivity, efficiency and comfort, as an employee who is more comfortable is more productive (Meriano and Latella, 2008). 1.1 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this report is to know what ergonomics is all about and how it can be incorporated into the health and safety sector. The objectives of this report are; Reduce risks factors associated with poorly designed work stations and, To design a workplace that is suitable for the human body rather than the human body adapting to workplace. To be able to identify, measure, control and monitor the occupational health hazards/agents in the workplace which may cause ill-health to employees. 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 WHAT IS ERGONOMICS? Ergonomics is the science of fitting workplace conditions and job demands to the capabilities of the working population, it tends to look into work related problems that poses a risk of musculoskeletal disorders and ways of alleviating them (Cohen et al, 1997). It is also the applied science that is devoted to provide comfort, efficiency and safety into the design of items in the work place (Shelly and Vermaat, 2010), ergonomic intervention can benefit both employer and employee (Meriano and Latella, 2008). The International Ergonomics Association defines ergonomics as follows: Ergonomics (or human factors) is the scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to optimize human well-being and overall system performance. A large number of factors play a role in ergonomics; these include body posture and movement, environmental factors, information and operation as well as work organization. Ergonomics differs from other fields by its interdisciplinary approach and applied nature (Dul and Weerdmeester, 1993). The benefits of ergonomics include job satisfaction and enhanced worker motivation, added problem-solving capabilities, and greater acceptance of change. Involving staffs can help to identify job hazards, suggest ways to control these hazards and working with management in deciding how to put this control in place. 2.2 WHO IS AN ERGONOMIST? An Ergonomist is one who has adequate knowledge of the relation between humans health and humans performance (Schlick, 2009) taking into consideration the job, equipment used and information used (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergonomics). According to Dul and Weerdmeester, 1993, the professional ergonomists can work for the authorities (legislation), training institutions (universities and colleges), research establishments, the service industry (consultancy) and production sector (occupational health services, personnel departments, design departments, research departments, etc.), they also wrote that the ergonomist highlights the areas where ergonomic knowledge is essential, provides ergonomic guidelines and advises designers, purchasers, management and employees, on which are more acceptable systems. 2.3 HISTORY OF ERGONOMICS: Science of Ergonomics dates back to 1717, when Bernadino Ramazzini, father of occupational medicine, speculated on factors within the work environment that contributed to his patients illnesses, he described violent and irregular motions, bent posture and tonic strain on the muscle as factors that contributed to musculoskeletal pains in his patients (Meriano and Latella, 2008). However, in the United Kingdom, ergonomics started in 1917 in World War I when the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research and the Medical Research Council were asked to investigate industrial conditions, particularly of munitions workers, this led to the establishment of Industrial Fatigue Research Board who performed research on above topic in 1929 because of the expanded scope of work (hours of work, training, accidents, lighting and ventilation, and design of the machinery. In 1949, the Ergonomics Research Society was established at a meeting held by a small group of research workers at the Admiralty; this made the society the earliest to be formed in the world (Meister, 1999). 2.4 LEGAL CONTROL OF ERGONOMICS: The law serves as a vital function in complex social setting as it provides standards or guidelines that define unacceptable and acceptable human behaviour. A breach in this law can be considered violation of the law and the transgressor could face civil or criminal penalties the legal system of every governmental jurisdiction and at every level of organised society must constantly adapt to changing demands, so there has and will be a continuing effusion of controlling laws. It is for this reason that the legal system is based on concepts of human faults. Liability prevention or mitigation is the avoidance of fault by investigation, analysis, evaluation, risk assessment, corrective action, and preventive remedies. The probability of a scientist or engineer having contact with law is high, it is wise to become familiar with the area of entanglement (Marras and Karwowski, 2006), as there are a myriad of roles that can be played in state or federal common law actions, workers compensati on cases, allegations of statutory violations, arbitrations or mediations, government agency hearings, or citations involving Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (Vinal, 1999). According to Health and Safety at Work (HASAW) Act 1974, which is legislation, it states that; it is the duty of the employer to carry out a risk assessment in the work place. Failure to this is regarded as a breach in the law and has its consequences. 2.5 METHODS OF UNDERTAKING ERGONOMIC ASSESSMENT The fundamental goal of human-centred engineering is to match human characteristics such as body size, strengths and weaknesses, and capabilities and preferences with the relevant attributes of equipment, tasks, and procedure (Kroemer, 2006). The different methods used in the assessment of ergonomics include; I Physical methods II Psycho physiological methods III Behavioural and Cognitive Methods IV Team methods V Environmental methods VI Macroergonomics methods (Stanton et al., 2005) All these methods make use of the following techniques listed below; Measurement teams Anthropometric techniques Assessing energetic capabilities Assessing muscle strength Assessing mental workload Assessing vision capabilities Systematic gathering of information The ideal field assessment tools used should possess the following attributes; Predictive: the tool should provide predictive measure of risk of musculoskeletal injury, Robust: can be used in any work situation, Inexpensive: tool can be available at minimal monetary cost, Non-invasive: should not affect when worker performs or process work flow, Quick: assessment could be performed quickly, Easy to use: tool could be used with minimal training, (Marras and Karwowski, 2006). 3.0 METHODOLOGY 3.1 INTEGRATED ERGONOMICS ASSESSMENT FOR THE WORK STATION For the purpose of this assessment to be done, several protocols would have to be met. The first thing that would be done is to get a work station that can be used to carry out an ergonomics assessment, and the Help Desk in the Learning Resource Centre (LRC) has been selected. A proposed meeting was set up with the Manager of the LRC to get permission to carry out the assessment, the manager approved of this and forwarded necessary messages to the supervisors in the LRC who helped in completing the task. A confidentiality questionnaire was handed to one of the supervisors, which was filled and returned and would be used as a point of reference in the results. Using anthropometric method of ergonomic risk assessment, measurement of the work station would be taken using a measuring tape and pictures snapped for further evidence of the work station for ergonomics assessment. Ergonomics assessment on the work station would be done on the basis of the task carried out. The task carried ou t in the Help Desk in the LRC involves helping students use the computer systems to locate books in the library and helping to arrange books in shelves. For this reason, there is the need to alternate between sitting down and standing. Below is a chart that shows a plan on how the work would be carried out. Observation Hazard Identification Ergonomics Assessment Evaluation Risk Validation Control and monitor Review Chart 1: Flow Plan on the methodology of the ergonomic assessment. 4.0 RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATION The particular work station selected for this ergonomics was carefully observed for the different task carried out to see if there is any problem associated with the work place. Anthropometric technique was used to carry out this work by getting measurements of the work place. 4.1 OBSERVATION: The help desk offered assistance in carrying out this work after permission was granted by the Manager of the LRC. Looking carefully at the way work was done and asking questions from the staff being monitored were put into consideration, also photographs were taken to also get a clear picture of how the employee carries out the task. Fig 1: A Staff carrying out her duties on a Visual Display Unit. 4.2 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION: hazard identification was obtained mainly by asking questions from the employee on the work station, making use of a questionnaire and viewing the work station for possible activities that may cause health disorder(s) and affect the employee. Health and Safety at Work (HASAW) Act 1974 demands that the employer should make sure that employers carry out a risk assessment in the work environment to ensure safety of staffs. See result in table 1 below. Table 1: Hazard Identification on the help desk. Hazard Hazard aspect Impact/ Effect Posture Stooped posture (resulting from fatigue and long hours of working) Stiffness of the back, neck, and wrist from working too long on the Visual Display Unit Variety of health problems, like caved shoulders, muscular imbalances, rounding of the upper back and a tendency to lean forward while walking. Incidence of lower back disorders. Movement Twisting of the waist, neck, stretching the hand and holding in that position for a long time (straining muscles in the hand) Pain and strain on neck muscles and waist. Stress on muscles of the arms while stretching causes fatigue of the arm muscle. Visual Display Unit (VDU), keyboard and mouse. Fixed position of the neck when staring at the VDU, and stress on fingers from too much typing, twisting and flexing of the wrist when handling the mouse. Makes the employee aware of some eye defects that he/she was not aware of. Straining of the arms to reach the mouse and twisting of the wrist to get to the keyboard and grabbing the mouse. 4.3 ERGONOMIC ASSESSMENT: Ergonomics assessment on the work station showed that the design of the station has a moderate score as it accommodates the employee and has a low risk level. Below is a table of the total ergonomic risk factor and how it was derived. Table 2: Ergonomic Work Position Evaluation. Assessed by: Igho Date:14/12/2010 Ergonomic Evaluation Risk Factor Static Points Comments/Action Work Positions (Sitting) 0 pts 2 pts 4 pts √ if 20 secs + X 3 if static Neck (Flexion) bending head forward √ √ 6 Moderate Shoulders (Raising elbows) √ √ 6 Moderate Wrists/Hands √ √ 6 Moderate Back (flexion) bending forward at the hips √ √ 12 High Hiking Shoulders √ √ 0 Low Twisting (incorrectly with feet stationary) √ √ 0 Low Table 3: Task factor Evaluation Task Factors Points Awarded Muscle force Low √ Moderate High 0 Vibration Low √ Moderate High 0 Lighting Good √ Fair Poor 0 Workplace Temperature Comfortable √ Warm/Cool Hot/Cold 0 Table 4: Risk Factor total on the work station. Risk Factor total Risk Factor Points Total Comments/Action 0 pts 2 pts 4pts Work Positions 0 7 8 15 16 pts+ = 4 High (8-12) Task factors 0 8 9 15 16 pts+ = 0 = 4 Moderate (4 7) Lifting 0 7 8 13 14 pts+ = 0 Low (0 3) Table 5: Key Descriptor Scale Descriptor Consequence Control 0-3 LOW Little or no complaints of muscle aches and pains Taking of short time breaks 4-7 MODERATE Stress and fatigue on muscles which is tolerable Selection of an employee to monitor how tasks are being carried out 8-12 HIGH Work Musculoskeletal disorder, static load on muscles leads to painful fatigue on muscles Reduction of work that can cause musculoskeletal disorder and training of staffs to become more aware of ergonomic risk factors related to musculoskeletal disorders. Below is a sketch on the work station used in the LRC, measured in cm. 48cm 24cm 96cm 48cm 72cm Floor Fig 1: Sketch and measurement of the work station. The sketch above can be compared to the British standard dimension to know if the measured work station meets up with the standard. Table 6: Work place measurement compared with British Standard Dimension Measured Work Station British Standard Dimension (5th 95th Percentile (mixed Population 19 65 yrs) Popliteal height 48cm 44cm Thigh Clearance 23cm Table Height (Popliteal height + Sitting Elbow height) 72cm 68.5cm Sitting Shoulder Height Position 57cm 59cm Back rest 48cm RISK VALIDATION Based on the production of a well ergonomically equipped work station, a good control and review of the work station, and everything put in order, information and training of employees there may still be a problem that can pose as a threat to the work place. This can be seen in workers habit; sitting forward on the chair, sitting in the middle of the chair, leaning on arm rest and back rest, arms resting on the table are some examples of employees habit, and this can result in intervertebral disc injuries and back problems as the muscles of the back are easily stressed. CONTROL AND MONITORING To control occupational health and safety risks, improvement of performance and benefits in work places in order to eliminate or minimize risk to employees and other interested parties exposed to risks associated with its activities, it is necessary to implement, maintain and continually improve occupational health and safety in the work place. The following can be used to control and monitor on-going activities and tasks in the work place; Avoid Unnatural Posture: bending the trunk/head sideways is more harmful than bending forward The working area should be located so that it is at the best distance from the eyes of the operator. Hand grip, materials and tools should be arranged in such a way that the most frequent movements are carried out with the elbows bent and near to the body. Manipulations can be made easier by using supports under the elbows, forearms or hands. Padded/soft warm materials that can be adjustable to suite people of different sizes. It is essential that the workplace should be suited to the body size and mobility of the operator/employee, since neutral/natural postures and movements are a necessary part of efficient work. Neck and head posture: head and neck should not be bent forward by more than thirty degrees when the trunk is erect, else fatigue and troubles may occur. 4.6 REVIEW Having seen that ergonomically, the work station is tolerable, and staffs have been informed on how to position themselves whilst working, there is need to review work practice every three months to ensure and enforce that the mode of working is still in place to avoid injuries that may have built up with time. 4.7 RECOMMENDATION After measuring the work station and comparing with the British standard measurement, it is recommended that the chair (adjustable) should be adjusted to fit the user so as to get the comfortability needed in order not to stress and strain muscles in the back and feet. The mouse and Visual display unit should be ergonomically put in place to the comfort of the operator, to reduce tension and strain to the eyes, hands and wrist ERGONOMICS POLICY AND CONCLUSION 5.1 ERGONOMICS POLICY: The purpose of this policy is to endeavour staffs to adhere to guidelines in the work place with the aim of ensuring a safe working environment as well as to bring health hazard to a minimum. It is the managements responsibility to carry out duties under the Health and Safety at work Act 1974 and other legislation including amendments to ensure safe working practices and work environment. For this reason, the help desk shall abide to the following guidelines; Ergonomics efforts shall be embedded, maintained and preserved on the help desk in Learning Resource Centre (LRC) to ensure a safe and healthy work place environment for employees. Cooperation of work force in making sure that ergonomic improvement is realised. (Joint effort of managers, supervisors, employees and other supporting staffs) Designation of post to a responsible employee to check that workers are well positioned, to prevent Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders in the work station. Training of staffs to be more aware of ergonomic risk factors related to Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders. Informing staffs about ergonomics and its risk factors can help to reduce cost of treatment of Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders, as the budgeted cost can be used as employees benefits. This policy would be implemented and reviewed three times a year to ensure that the health conditions of the employees are in order, to reduce money spent on treating employees for work related musculoskeletal disorders. This policy would be handed to each staff through information and trainings and in written form. 5.2 CONCLUSION After a thorough ergonomic examination of the help desk in the LRC, and assessing the working environment, proper ergonomics evaluation was done and control measures put in Place as well as a policy for the safety and health of the employees so as to reduce chances of the risk of having a staff complain about a work related musculoskeletal disorder. Control measures used after ergonomic assessment and risk validation was carried out is to help in reducing the chances of getting a work related musculoskeletal disorder and cost of treatment from injuries sustained (if any at all, considering the tolerable amount derived from the evaluation and chances of any injury sustained, this is as a result of proper training of the staffs).

A Simple Change Altering the Face of the Game :: Essays Papers

A Simple Change Altering the Face of the Game Lacrosse is one of the fastest growing sports in the world today. Each day, it seems that I meet a new person who has never even seen it played, or in many cases, has never even heard of it. It is a sport that in some areas, such as the East Coast, is very popular and well-known. However, here in the West it is a sport that is growing quickly. As a Women’s Lacrosse player, as well as a referee of the game, I see two completely different perspectives of how it is played. In September of this year, a rule was added that creates hard boundaries and will drastically change Women’s Lacrosse. Throughout this paper, I will explain what has changed, how the game has been impacted, the effect on all of the people involved, and how I feel about the rule. The rule that has changed has to do with the hard boundaries, and I will explain what this means. Before I explain this rule, one must know about a rule that is unique to women’s lacrosse. This is that every time the referee blows a whistle, no matter where a player is, they must freeze in their tracks and they are not allowed to move until the whistle is blown again. Now, moving on, the original boundary rule in women’s lacrosse was that basically, there were no boundaries. Meaning that if the ball went â€Å"out of bounds,† it was whoever got to the ball first and the possession was the referee’s decision. When I say â€Å"out of bounds,† it signifies that if people were going to run into fans or if they were going to run into some near obstacles, such as fences. So the boundaries consisted of physical objects as opposed to lines. There has always been a line marking the boundaries, however, it was just a guideline, and if one went out of it, the referee would just have them bring it back in. Therefore, the difference is that a hard boundary is a set and definite line. If the ball goes out of bounds now, it is the opposite teams ball, for whoever causes it to go out of bounds or touches it last before it crosses the line is at fault. However, when a shot is taken wide, it is whichever team that gets there first who gains the possession.

Increasing Student Achievement through Preventing School Violence Essay

Increasing Student Achievement through Preventing School Violence Introduction School violence is any type of violence, whether it is a simple threat on another student or a school shooting, that happens in the school environment. Student achievement is the efforts made by the student to work hard in the classroom. The purpose of this research paper is to examine how school violence impacts student achievement. It would seem that school violence would have a negative impact on student achievement. If this is the case then we need to do what we can to prevent violence in schools. Technology can be used to help control school violence. Information on School Violence Violence in our schools has become an increasing problem. Within the United States alone, there have been approximately twenty-two school shootings since 1978 (Cruz, 2002, p. 53-54). Eighteen of the twenty-two occurred during the 1990’s. It has been approximated that â€Å"a school crime occurs every six seconds† (Day, 1996, p. 9). We must ask ourselves why school violence has flourished. When we try to answer this question, we tend to blame society. Violence in the media seems to be the number one cause for violence in the school. However, society and media are not the only things to blame. There are so many reasons for why school violence has become increasingly more popular, but there is one thing that can be said for sure is that our students need to be able to learn and work in a safe environment. The need to create â€Å"a school environment that is free of violence and drugs has become a public priority† (Flannery, 2000). People need to pull together as a community and help in the fight against school violence. We need to give students... ...zine/vault/A2857.cfm 24. The site describes how we can use technology to help prevent school violence. The article discusses some of the technologies being used to prevent violence in the school system. Also, the site gives a list of ways to assess the technologies being used as a solution to prevent violence. 25. Thompson, R. (2000). Promoting Academic Achievement and Safe Schools. Retrieved April 24, 2004 from http://www.nationalcenter.org/P21NVThompsonViolence600.html 26. The author discusses ways of trying to promote academic achievement and safer schools. 27. The author also realizes that the only way to make sure that students succeed is to make sure that their schools are safe. 28. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2002). School Violence Prevention. Retrieved April 25, 2004 from http://www.mentalhealth.samhsa.gov/schoolviolence/

Romeo & Juliet Theme Essay

Romeo and Juliet is a classic play by William Shakespeare about a pair of star-crossed lovers whose passion eventually drives them to their unfortunate deaths. Since the theme in The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet is Love as a Cause of Violence, it is easy to see why Shakespeare uses that thematic focus to show how Romeo and Juliet’s love for one another affected the outcome of their relationship. Most of the time, being in love makes people very over dramatic. When they lose someone they love, certain people tend to think that their lives are over and they can’t go on. This happens a lot in Romeo and Juliet.For example, when Romeo is exiled from Verona, he overreacts completely and goes to complain to the Friar. He says that being banished is just saying death by another name. He whines and utters that he would rather die than be away from his dear Juliet. Also, after Romeo is rejected by his first love Rosaline, he thinks that there is no one else in the world that can e ver compare to her, even though he falls in love with Juliet shortly after. Another example of this over dramatic behavior was when Juliet heard news of Romeo’s banishment. She considered Romeo’s banishment even worse than her own cousin’s death!Over dramatic behavior is just one of the things that makes love turn into violence. This play also demonstrates the effect love can have on decision making. Love can be very blinding especially in Romeo and Juliet’s case. They both made many rash and dangerous choices because their love clouded their ability to think wisely. An example of one of these rash, terrible decisions was when Romeo bought the poison from a pharmacist/apothecary. He should have considered all of his options before immediately jumping to the conclusion that he had to kill himself.This theme also came up when Juliet stated, â€Å"I long to die if what thou speak’st speak not of remedy. † (Shakespeare, Act IIII Scene I) She sai d this to Friar Lawrence complaining that if he can’t find her a way out of marrying Paris, she will kill herself. This is significant because it shows how her love for Romeo made her think violently, even though she didn’t follow through with what she said she would do. Lastly, Juliet stabbing herself with Romeo’s dagger at the end of the play showed how being without Romeo was unthinkable for her.Finally, the reoccurring theme of Love as a Cause of Violence is mainly in this play because without it, the audience underestimates the true power of Romeo and Juliet’s love for one another. The theme is what caused the dramatic, tragic ending to the play Romeo and Juliet. The double suicide was what ended the conflict between the two feuding families and showed how love is the source of all or most of the violence that occurs in The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet. Romeo and Juliet aren’t the only ones who died because of love either.Lady Montague died of grieving for her banished son whom she loved exceedingly, and Tybalt died because Romeo killed him out of rage from losing his beloved best friend Mercutio. As you can see, the main theme of Love as a Cause of Violence is prevalent throughout the entire play of Romeo and Juliet. The power that love contains works in many different ways. In The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet, love causes overly dramatic behavior, lack of quality judgment, and most of all, particularly violent actions and thoughts by the main and minor characters. Romeo & Juliet Theme Essay Romeo and Juliet is a classic play by William Shakespeare about a pair of star-crossed lovers whose passion eventually drives them to their unfortunate deaths. Since the theme in The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet is Love as a Cause of Violence, it is easy to see why Shakespeare uses that thematic focus to show how Romeo and Juliet’s love for one another affected the outcome of their relationship. Most of the time, being in love makes people very over dramatic. When they lose someone they love, certain people tend to think that their lives are over and they can’t go on. This happens a lot in Romeo and Juliet.For example, when Romeo is exiled from Verona, he overreacts completely and goes to complain to the Friar. He says that being banished is just saying death by another name. He whines and utters that he would rather die than be away from his dear Juliet. Also, after Romeo is rejected by his first love Rosaline, he thinks that there is no one else in the world that can e ver compare to her, even though he falls in love with Juliet shortly after. Another example of this over dramatic behavior was when Juliet heard news of Romeo’s banishment. She considered Romeo’s banishment even worse than her own cousin’s death!Over dramatic behavior is just one of the things that makes love turn into violence. This play also demonstrates the effect love can have on decision making. Love can be very blinding especially in Romeo and Juliet’s case. They both made many rash and dangerous choices because their love clouded their ability to think wisely. An example of one of these rash, terrible decisions was when Romeo bought the poison from a pharmacist/apothecary. He should have considered all of his options before immediately jumping to the conclusion that he had to kill himself.This theme also came up when Juliet stated, â€Å"I long to die if what thou speak’st speak not of remedy. † (Shakespeare, Act IIII Scene I) She sai d this to Friar Lawrence complaining that if he can’t find her a way out of marrying Paris, she will kill herself. This is significant because it shows how her love for Romeo made her think violently, even though she didn’t follow through with what she said she would do. Lastly, Juliet stabbing herself with Romeo’s dagger at the end of the play showed how being without Romeo was unthinkable for her.Finally, the reoccurring theme of Love as a Cause of Violence is mainly in this play because without it, the audience underestimates the true power of Romeo and Juliet’s love for one another. The theme is what caused the dramatic, tragic ending to the play Romeo and Juliet. The double suicide was what ended the conflict between the two feuding families and showed how love is the source of all or most of the violence that occurs in The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet. Romeo and Juliet aren’t the only ones who died because of love either.Lady Montague died of grieving for her banished son whom she loved exceedingly, and Tybalt died because Romeo killed him out of rage from losing his beloved best friend Mercutio. As you can see, the main theme of Love as a Cause of Violence is prevalent throughout the entire play of Romeo and Juliet. The power that love contains works in many different ways. In The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet, love causes overly dramatic behavior, lack of quality judgment, and most of all, particularly violent actions and thoughts by the main and minor characters.

Healthcare Issues/ Importance of Issues Essay

For a patient returning home after total hip replacement surgery, there is a need for the case manager to address any issues that may hinder proper healing or safety issues. In the case of Mr. Trosack, there are several issues that the case manager must address prior to discharge. First, Mr. Trosack is a newly diagnosed diabetic. He was prescribed Glucophage to help control his blood sugar and has demonstrated that he is able to perform his own blood glucose check using a glucometer. He has verbalized that he is not happy about having to take the â€Å"darn† medications and his family seems to be in denial about his diabetes. They believe that diet alone will control his blood sugar. Mr. Trosack’s unhappiness about taking medication and his family’s lack of concern about continuing the medication will put Mr. Trosack at risk for non-compliance with his medication regimen. It is important that Mr. Trosack receive ongoing education about controlling his diabetes including proper diet and taking his medications at specific times. This also needs to be addressed with his family so they are supportive in providing a healthy atmosphere for Mr. Trosack. Mr. Trosack is at a risk for falls given his age and history of falling down the stairs. His home is cluttered and there are many throw rugs which can interfere with safe ambulation. He is reliant on a walker for balance and lives on the second floor of his apartment building. It is important that any clutter and tripping hazards are cleared before Mr. Trosack can return home to decrease his chance of falling. It is also important that a physical therapist evaluate Mr. Trosack’s ability to climb 2 flights of stairs safely. Being newly diagnosed with hypertension, Mr. Trosack must be educated on the importance of rising slowly to prevent dizziness which may lead to falls. He also may become tired or dizzy from his Percocet. Any educational materials should be in larger print to compensate for his impaired vision and any verbal education must be done to his right to compensate for the hearing loss in his left ear. Mr. Trosack is at a risk for social isolation due to his inability to navigate two flights of stairs which lead to the outside of his apartment. His brother helps him manage the family bakery and will have to work extra hours since Mr. Trosack is unable to work. His son and daughter-in-law both work 60 hours a week and are trying to conceive a child. They were hoping to assist Mr.  Trosack but admit that they have little spare time. They were intending to investigate whether there was a local grocery store that could deliver food. This social isolation could lead to depression or force Mr. Trosack to attempt risky behaviors to fend for himself. If he has a fall at home, there is no telling how long it would take for someone to come to his aid. Interdisciplinary Team Members and Roles Several disciplines should be involved in the discharge planning for Mr. Trosack. The nurse case manager will oversee the patient’s care to ensure that they have access to the resources they need to recover. They help coordinate the patient’s care and make sure all aspects of care are covered. Case managers communicate with other specialists and ensure that the care is delivered in a timely manner. The physician will assess Mr. Trosack and clear him medically for discharge to home. The physician will monitor the healing process and prescribe any medications necessary. Any referrals to specialists will originate from the physician. The physical therapist will work with Mr. Trosack to set up an exercise regimen to improve strength and stamina. He can assess whether or not Mr.  Trosack is able to safely navigate the stairs leading to his home. Educating the patient about total hip precautions and safety is important. The physical therapist will teach the patient how to use the walker, safely get up from a seated or lying position, climb stairs and use the toilet while maintaining total hip precautions. He may recommend a raised commode or grab bars in the bathroom for safety. The social worker can assess the patient’s support system and recommend resources that can make life a little easier for the patient. She may recommend an aide to assist Mr.  Trosack with bathing, dressing, shopping or light housekeeping. The social worker could set up the delivery of meals from Meals on Wheels or other service. She could help find a grocery store that delivers food to the patient’s home. Since Mr. Trosack will be alone most of the time and he has an increased risk for falls, the social worker could help set up a medical alert system, like Lifeline, that will allow Mr. Trosack to call for immediate medical assistance in the event of an emergency. Safety Assessment The entry to Mr. Trosack’s apartment requires walking up 2 flights of stairs. There is no elevator in the building. Mr. Trosack will not be able to safely navigate the stairs without the assistance of another person. He will not be able to carry his walker and safely descend the steps. If he does have the assistance of someone who will carry his walker, there must be a handrail available for extra stability. The physical therapist needs to educate Mr. Trosack on the safe way to ascend and descend stairs. When going up, Mr. Trosack should lead with his â€Å"good† leg, and then bring his operative leg to the same step. When descending the stairs, he should lead with his â€Å"bad† leg and then bring down his â€Å"good† leg. Mr.  Trosack’s apartment is described as small and cluttered. The area will need to be cleared so there is a safe pathway for him to walk through that includes enough room for his walker. Any throw rugs should be removed to prevent tripping. The bathroom should be equipped with grab bars to give Mr. Trosack extra stability. A bath seat should be placed in the tub so Mr. Trosack does not have to stand while bathing, thus reducing the chance for a slip and fall. A raised seat commode would be useful to prevent breaking total hip precautions. Any old medication in the medicine cabinet should be thrown away to prevent confusion. The kitchen is small and cannot accommodate the walker. Mr. Trosack will have to be taught to safely navigate the kitchen using the counters for support. An occupational therapist could assess the situation and make recommendations for kitchen safety. The stove seems to be accessible with the controls on the front in easy reach. Old food in the refrigerator should be thrown away to prevent food borne illness. If an aide is involved in Mr. Trosack’s care, she could help with food shopping, throw away all old food each week and take the trash out. Discharge Plan Needs Mr. Trosack will require an environment that is safe and supportive during is recovery. His home will need to be cleaned and all tripping hazards taken away. He will need supervision in activities of daily living (ADLs) like bathing, cooking and ambulation. His groceries will need to be delivered and his trash will need to be taken down the stairs. He will need some form of communication to alert emergency services if he falls. His family is extremely busy working 60 hours a week and they have little spare time to help. The family needs to decide if they can take on this responsibility alone. Mr. Trosack needs to realize that he will not be able to help in the bakery until he is healed. The stairs to his apartment are a huge barrier to him leaving the home for any reason and he cannot do it safely without help. Social Isolation Mr. Trosack is at risk for social isolation due to living alone, lack of family support and inability to leave his house due to surgery. According to the World Health Organization, social isolation is associated with â€Å"increased rates of premature death, lower general well-being, more depression, and a higher level of disability from chronic diseases† (Children’s, Women’s and Seniors Health Branch, British Columbia Ministry of Health [BC Ministry of Health], 2004, p. ). The isolated tend to have a higher incidence of depression and stress-related conditions. People who feel alone are at an increased risk of early death. A British study found that the most socially isolated were 26% more likely to die than those who were active (Szalavitz, 2013). Some of this is due to delayed medical care caused by medical conditions going unnoticed until the condition has become advanced. Some is due to the lack of health benefits of social, physical contact like holding hands. Physical contact can help reduce pain and blood pressure while decreasing stress hormones and inflammation. The stress caused by social isolation generates the production of cortisol in the body. This has a deleterious effect on wound healing. On the other hand, during social contact and bonding, the body produces oxytocin. This hormone blocks the effects of cortisol and helps promote healing (Detillion, Kraft, Glasper, Prendergast, & DeVries, 2003). Psychological Factors Mr. Trosack will be alone most of the time. He is a widower and his family is busy with work. He is unable to leave his home due to mobility issues. He will not be able to function at the bakery as he wishes. This may lead to loneliness and frustration which will negatively impact his well being. He may become depressed and lack the motivation to continue with his therapy program. His sleep patterns may be affected and he may lose track of time which may make it difficult for him to maintain proper medication administration times. Recommendations It should be recommended that Mr. Trosack be discharged to home with several services in place to assist him. A visiting nurse will provide additional education about medications and monitor Mr. Trosack’s medication compliance. She can also reinforce teaching about diet and total hip precautions. A nurse aide can help with ADLs and some light housework to make sure the home remains uncluttered. The aide can help with shopping, cooking and taking out the trash. A physical therapist can visit and help with mobility and exercises. The therapist can determine when Mr. Trosack can advance to use of a can instead of a walker. The case manager can provide outside resources like transportation and Meals on Wheels. An occupational therapist can teach Mr. Trosack how to safely dress and bathe himself to promote independence. Visits from these professionals will also decrease the feeling of loneliness and social isolation.

Auditing and Ethics Independent Operation

The major responsibility of the auditors is to find out that if there is any materials misstatement in the accounting operations of the audited organization. There are some responsibilities of the auditors. They need to be ethical and honest at the time of audit operation (Louwers et al., 2013). In this regard, Accounting Professional & Ethical Standards Board Limited (APESB) has issued the APES 110 article that states the responsibility of the auditors. On the other hand, this article also includes the details of threats that an auditor can face and its safeguards (apesb.org.au 2016). The second situation indicates that Fellowes and Associates have valued the intellectual properties of HCHG on 1 March 2014 that is worth 30 million. Another important factor is that the intellectual properties are shown as material to HCHG. On 30 June 2014, the consolidated balance sheet of HCHG includes that same amount of intellectual property. This act of Fellowes and Associates has created a possible threat for Fellowes and Associates. As per the rules and regulations of Fellowes and Associates, an auditor needs to appropriately evaluate the results of previous judgment made by another audit partner. This process demands the revaluation of various assets of the audit client. When the auditors fail to do this, it creates the Self- Review Threat (Ojo, 2015). In the case of second situation, the auditors of Fellowes and Associates have taken the same amount of the intellectual properties on 30 June 2014. However, as per the rules of APES 110, the auditors need to revaluate the inte llectual properties. Hence, this act of Fellowes and Associates has created the Self-Review Threat for the audit firm. This threat is considered as a major offence in audit profession (Dobler, 2014). According to the first situation, the activity of one of the audit associates of Fellowes and Associates has created the threat of Self-interest. This type of threat is occurred when any member of the audit team has financial interest in the property of the audit client. In this particular incident, the corrective action will be to replace that particular account associate with another one. This only corrective action can be taken. However, some safeguards can be adopted to avoid this kind of situations. First, some policies and procedures need to be implemented that will help the organization to identify the staffs having financial interest in the properties of the audit client. Second, the non-audit services to the audit clients need to be minimized in order to prevent this. Last but not the least, there needs to be effective policies and principle that will prohibit the audit employees to establish financial relationship with the audit clients (Tahir, Idris & Ariffin, 2014). The second situation indicates that there is a Self-review threat by the wrong evaluation of the intellectual properties of HCHG. The rule states that other auditors must evaluate the valuation of assets. In the case of Fellowes and Associates, the only safeguards available are that the valuation of the intellectual properties needs to be evaluated by another audit team. There are some safeguards available to prevent this kind of incidents. First, it is necessary to minimize to provide non audit services to audit clients. Second, it needs to be made sure that the audit client takes decisions based on non-audit services on their own responsibility. Third, there should be a cooling off-period time before a senior auditor takes the responsibility of the audit operations. These safeguards can be taken to avoid these kinds of situation (Lawson, Spencer & Turek, 2016). As per the above discussion, it can be seen that the auditors need to maintain the rules and regulations of APES 110 at the time of audit operation. The above report states that there are major two kinds of threats in the audit operation. They are self-interest threat and self-review threat. These two are the major threats that have minimum number of safeguards. However, corrective measures are available to reduce these threats. On the other hand, APES 110 provides some safeguards that can be used to reduce the chance of the occurrence of these threats. APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants. (2016).  apesb.org.au. Retrieved 29 December 2016, from https://www.apesb.org.au/uploads/standards/apesb_standards/standard1.pdf Bosse, D. A., & Phillips, R. A. (2016). Agency theory and bounded self-interest.  Academy of Management Review,  41(2), 276-297. Dobler, M. (2014). Auditor-provided non-audit services in listed and private family firms.  Managerial Auditing Journal,  29(5), 427-454. Lawson, B. P., Spencer, A. W., & Turek, M. (2016). Developments in Ethics Guidelines for CPAs.  Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance,  27(6), 63-71. Louwers, T. J., Ramsay, R. J., Sinason, D. H., Strawser, J. R., & Thibodeau, J. C. (2013).  Auditing and assurance services. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Ojo, M. (2015). Audits, audit quality and signalling mechanisms: concentrated ownership structures.  American Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences,  1(2). Svanberg, J., & Ãâ€"hman, P. (2013). Auditors' time pressure: does ethical culture support audit quality?.  Managerial Auditing Journal,  28(7), 572-591. Tahir, F. A., Idris, K. M., & Ariffin, Z. Z. (2014). Dimensions of Auditor Independence: A Pilot Study.  International Journal of Business and Management,  9(6), 72.